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In the 12th century, Icelandic bard and historian Snorri Sturluson proposed that the Norse gods were originally historical war leaders and kings, who later became cult figures, eventually set into society as gods.
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12th and century
There was keen competition between the two from the introduction of the The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing | Algebra into Europe in the 12th century until its triumph in the 16th.
During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.
The current consensus, based on terminology defined by the Pecos Classification, suggests their emergence around the 12th century BCE, during the archaeologically designated Early Basketmaker II Era.
A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.
These exceptions, introduced with a good object, had grown into a widespread evil by the 12th century, virtually creating an imperium in imperio, and depriving the bishop of all authority over the chief centres of influence in his diocese.
In the 12th century the abbots of Fulda claimed precedence of the archbishop of Cologne.
Although controversial at its time, the 13 principles laid out by the 12th century Spanish Jewish philosopher Maimonides are now considered mostly normative.
Gothic-This style prevailed between the 12th century and the 16th century in Europe.
The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.
Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis ( 525 ); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.
They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE ; but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.
In the 12th century eddic prose Gylfaginning Snorri Sturluson relates it as the first of a series of abodes in heaven:
As a theologian Alain de Lille shared in the mystic reaction of the second half of the 12th century against the scholastic philosophy.
Brought back from Sippar to Susa as war prize in the 12th century BC
A popular legend, originating from 12th century chronicles, tells how when he first fled to the Somerset Levels, Alfred was given shelter by a peasant woman who, unaware of his identity, left him to watch some cakes she had left cooking on the fire.
Alger of Liège ( 1055 – 1131 ), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, was a learned clergyman from Liège who lived in the first half of the 12th century.
He was born in the latter part of the 12th century at Bennes, a village between Ollé and Chauffours in the diocese of Chartres.
In 1122 Afonso became fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century.
Dr. Alastair Northedge, a British archaeologist who wrote a book about findings in ' Anah, wrote that the minaret is ' commonly attributed to the Uqaylid ( dynasty ) and the 5th / 11th century ( AH / AD ), though ... more probably of the 6th / 12th century.
12th and Icelandic
Brynjólfur attributed the manuscript to Sæmundr the Learned, a larger-than-life 12th century Icelandic priest.
The latter contains pagan poetry where the norns are frequently referred to, while the former contains, in addition to pagan poetry, retellings, descriptions and commentaries by the 12th and 13th century Icelandic chieftain and scholar Snorri Sturluson.
The 12th century Icelandic Gray Goose Laws state that Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders and Danes spoke the same language, dǫnsk tunga.
There are two written sources on the origin of the name, in The Book of Icelanders ( Íslendingabók ), a historical work dealing with early Icelandic history from the 12th century, and in the medieval Icelandic saga, The Saga of Eric the Red ( Eiríks saga rauða ), which is about the Norse settlement in Greenland and the story of Erik the Red in particular.
Merged with native oral tradition and Icelandic influence this was to flower into an active period of literature production in the late 12th and early 13th centuries.
Of the North Germanic languages, the Icelandic language is closest to the Old Norse language and has remained relatively unchanged since the 12th century.
Further details on his family background are provided solely by the Icelandic and Norwegian sources of the 12th and 13th centuries, which are of limited and uncertain historical value and should therefore be treated with due circumspection.
Brynjólfur attributed the manuscript to Sæmundr the Learned, a larger-than-life 12th century Icelandic priest.
Í is the 16th letter of the Hungarian alphabet, the 12th letter of the Icelandic alphabet, the 16th letter of the Czech alphabet and the 18th letter of the Slovak alphabet.
Developed from ponies taken to Iceland by Scandinavian settlers in the 9th and 10th centuries, the breed is mentioned in literature and historical records throughout Icelandic history ; the first reference to a named horse appears in the 12th century.
Skalm, a mare who is the first Icelandic horse known by name, appeared in the Book of Settlements from the 12th century.
Kvenland is only known from an Old English account written in the 9th century, and from Icelandic sources written in the 12th and 13th centuries.
During the Middle Ages, especially in the 12th century, there was a monastery of Augustine monks which represented a centre of Icelandic culture.
* Two Ravens ( 1977 ) -- Bjarni Hoskuldsson, a pagan Icelander trying to maintain the old values in an increasing Christian world of the early 12th century, leaves the family's Icelandic farm in search of adventure in the England of William Rufus, but finally returns to Iceland to finally make his presence felt.
The author was an Icelandic priest, Ari Þorgilsson, working in the early 12th century.
Sturlunga saga ( often called simply Sturlunga ) is a collection of Icelandic sagas by various authors from the 12th and 13th centuries ; it was assembled ca.
Sturlunga saga is the main source of Icelandic history during the 12th and 13th centuries and it was written by people who experienced the internal power struggle which ended in Iceland's loss of sovereignty and submission to Norway in 1262.
The legend of the Jomsvikings appears in some of the Icelandic sagas from the 12th and 13th centuries.
12th and bard
Brân is praised in the poetry of 12th century bard Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr, in which he is described as " a good commander of the host ; in battle, in hostile territory, in the contest, in stress ", while, in his elegy for Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales, Bleddyn Fardd compares the overthrow of the prince to the deaths of Llywelyn Fawr, King Arthur and Brân.
12th and historian
According to Ali ibn al-Athir, a Kurdish historian of the 12th century, Charlemagne received the envoys of Sulayman al-Arabi, Husayn, and Abu Taur at the Diet of Paderborn in 777.
Following his visit to the city, the 12th century Syrian historian Yaqut al-Hamawi wrote that Mogadishu was inhabited by dark-skinned Berbers, the ancestors of the modern Somalis.
The 12th century Quadripartitus, in an account regarded as convincing by historian John Maddicott, states that he was recalled by the intervention of Bishop Ælfwine of Winchester and Earl Godwin.
Map of medieval Alania ( 10th – 12th century ), according to Ossetian historian Ruslan Suleymanovich Bzarov.
* Henry of Huntington, English historian of the 12th century and archdeacon of Huntingdon
Thutmose left no explanation for modern historians that his 22nd year was really the first year of sole reign, any more than Pekah or the historian of 2 Kings left an explanation that Pekah's 12th year, the year in which he slew Pekahiah, was really his first year of sole reign.
The historian William of Malmesbury, writing in the 12th century, believed that Asser also assisted Alfred with his translation of Boethius.
It has a high tower and a famous Norman ( 12th century ) south doorway, stained blue, with seven orders and three shafts, described by the architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner as ' barbaric and glorious '.
* William of Newburgh, 12th century English historian
The 12th century historian Joannes Zonaras, who calls him a Libyan ( that is, coming from western Egypt-eastern Libya ) rather than a Moor, and another chronicle of the 13th century hold that he was forty at the time of his death in 253.
William of Malmesbury ( c. 1095 / 96 – c. 1143 ) was the foremost English historian of the 12th century.
1120 – after 1177 ) was a Saxon historian of the 12th century and a priest at Bosau near Plön.
The status of the villein and the conditions of the manor in the 12th and 13th centuries are set forth with a legal precision and a wealth of detail which shows its author, not only as a very capable historian, but also as a brilliant and learned jurist.
* Geoffrey of Monmouth, 12th century historian, wrote Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain )
It was first documented around the 11th or 12th century AD by the historian Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai, who attributed its creation to an extended period of warfare that took place between the Chera and the Chola dynasties in the 11th century.
Cambridge University historian and political philosopher Quentin Skinner has pointed out how Otto of Freising, a German bishop who visited central Italy during the 12th century, commented that Italian towns had appeared to have exited from Feudalism, so that their society was based on merchants and commerce.
* St. Mary the Virgin – the 12th century parish church of Nash near Newport described by local historian Fred Hando as " the Cathedral of the Moors ".
* Henry of Huntingdon, 12th century historian and archbishop
Naka Shōhachirō and Chinen Isamu, a historian and an archaeologist from Okinawa dated them to the late 12th to early 13th centuries and claimed that they were predecessors of gusuku with stone walls.
The 12th century English historian Henry of Huntingdon, in his Historia Anglorum ( first published in 1129 AD ), follows the Historia Brittonum in his discussion of Julius Caesar's invasion of Britain, mentioning a Belinus, brother of Cassibella ( u ) nus, who are both styled sons of Liud ( see Lludd Llaw Ereint ), who is substituted for the Historia Brittonum's Minocannus.
" The monastery was inside Georgia only in the 12th century ," stated Ismail Umudlu, an Azerbaijani journalist and historian.
The 12th century historian Sven Aagesen mentions Danu Elatus ' the Proud ' presumably, Dan Mikilláti, and makes him the successor to Uffi, that is to Offa son of Wermund, so agreeing with the Skjöldungasaga.
* Peter Force ( 1790 – 1868 ), American politician, American lieutenant in the American Revolutionary War and in the War of 1812, newspaper editor, archivist, and historian who served as the 12th mayor of Washington, D. C., and whose library of historical documents became the Library of Congress's first major Americana collection
Henry of Huntingdon ( c. 1088 – c. 1154 ), the son of a canon in the diocese of Lincoln, was a 12th century English historian, the author of a history of England, Historia anglorum, " the most important Anglo-Norman historian to emerge from the secular clergy ".
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