There was keen competition between the two from the introduction of the The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing | Algebra into Europe in the 12th century until its triumph in the 16th.

During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.

The current consensus, based on terminology defined by the Pecos Classification, suggests their emergence around the 12th century BCE, during the archaeologically designated Early Basketmaker II Era.

A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.

These exceptions, introduced with a good object, had grown into a widespread evil by the 12th century, virtually creating an imperium in imperio, and depriving the bishop of all authority over the chief centres of influence in his diocese.

In the 12th century the abbots of Fulda claimed precedence of the archbishop of Cologne.

Although controversial at its time, the 13 principles laid out by the 12th century Spanish Jewish philosopher Maimonides are now considered mostly normative.

Gothic-This style prevailed between the 12th century and the 16th century in Europe.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis ( 525 ); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.

They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE ; but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.

In the 12th century eddic prose Gylfaginning Snorri Sturluson relates it as the first of a series of abodes in heaven:

As a theologian Alain de Lille shared in the mystic reaction of the second half of the 12th century against the scholastic philosophy.

Brought back from Sippar to Susa as war prize in the 12th century BC

A popular legend, originating from 12th century chronicles, tells how when he first fled to the Somerset Levels, Alfred was given shelter by a peasant woman who, unaware of his identity, left him to watch some cakes she had left cooking on the fire.

Alger of Liège ( 1055 – 1131 ), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, was a learned clergyman from Liège who lived in the first half of the 12th century.

He was born in the latter part of the 12th century at Bennes, a village between Ollé and Chauffours in the diocese of Chartres.

In 1122 Afonso became fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century.

Dr. Alastair Northedge, a British archaeologist who wrote a book about findings in ' Anah, wrote that the minaret is ' commonly attributed to the Uqaylid ( dynasty ) and the 5th / 11th century ( AH / AD ), though ... more probably of the 6th / 12th century.

The 41 letters we know today include letters for non-Greek sounds which may have been added by Saint Cyril, as well as ligatures added in the 12th century under the influence of Cyrillic, as Glagolitic lost its dominance.

According to the Life of Saint Gildas, written in the early 12th century by Caradoc of Llancarfan, Arthur is said to have killed Gildas ' brother Hueil and to have rescued his wife Gwenhwyfar from Glastonbury.

An image of Pope Saint Urbanus ( or Urban / Urbain ) is on a 12th century fresco at Chalivoy-Milon in the Berry Art Gallery.

The Pictish Saint Drostan appears to have had a wide following in the north in earlier times, although all but forgotten by the 12th century.

The earliest of these is Saint Carannog's mystical floating altar in that saint's 12th century Vita ; in the story Arthur has found the altar and attempts unsuccessfully to use it for a table, and returns it to Carannog in exchange for the saint ridding the land of a meddlesome dragon.

Also reported is the 12th Battalion of the 2nd Military Zone at Saint Louis ( Dakhar Bango ), along with the: fr: Prytanée militaire de Saint-Louis, a military ( secondary school?

According to a tradition that can be traced back at least to the 12th century, when it was recorded in the Codex Calixtinus, Saint James decided to return to Holy Land after preaching in Galicia.

Icon depicting The Ladder of Divine Ascent ( 12th century, Saint Catherine's Monastery, Sinai ).

His feast was once celebrated in Rome on 28 June, the anniversary of the placing of his relics in Saint Peter's Basilica, but in the 12th century the Gallican Rite feast of 11 April was admitted to the General Roman Calendar, which maintained that date until 1969.

The Church of Saint-Trophime d ' Arles | Saint Trophime in Arles ( 12th century )

The Saint Remi Basilica dates from the 11th, 12th, 13th and 15th centuries.

Other famous structures include the Gothic Church of St Maclou ( 15th century ); the Tour Jeanne d ' Arc, where Joan of Arc was brought in 1431 to be threatened with torture ( contrary to popular belief, she was not imprisoned there ); the Church of Saint Ouen ( 12th – 15th century ); the Palais de Justice, which was once the seat of the Parlement ( French court of law ) of Normandy and the Museum of Fine Arts and Ceramics which contains a splendid collection of faïence and porcelain for which Rouen was renowned during the 16th to 18th centuries.

Besides these buildings which were part of the official structures of the bishopric ; an additional four parish churches were constructed in the city: the Jacobikerk ( dedicated to Saint James ), founded in the 11th century, with the current Gothic church dating back to the 14th century ; the Buurkerk ( Neighbourhood-church ) of the 11th century parish in the centre of the city ; Nicolaichurch ( dedicated to Saint Nicholas ), from the 12th century and the 13th century Geertekerk ( dedicated to Saint Gertrude of Nivelles ).

In the 12th century, the city enlarged with two new separate burgos ( independent boroughs ): San Cernín ( Saint Saturnin ) and San Nicolás, in which the population of local Navarrese was swelled by Occitan merchants and artisans.

During the 12th century, the boroughs of Saint Sernin ( San Saturnino or San Cernin ) and Saint Nicholas ( San Nicolás ) were established.

On July 31, 2002, the Pope canonized Juan Diego before a crowd of 12 million, and later that year included in the General Calendar of the Roman Rite, as optional memorials, the liturgical celebrations of Saint Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin ( December 9th ) and Our Lady of Guadalupe ( December 12th ).

** Romanesque frescoes of Saint Thomas Becket from the 12th century

Illuminated manuscripts in the library dating from the 12th to 16th centuries include: the Eadwine Psalter, Canterbury ; Pocket Book of Hours, Reims ; Missal from the Royal Abbey of Saint Denis, Paris ; the Simon Marmion Book of Hours, Bruges ; 1524 Charter illuminated by Lucas Horenbout, London ; the Armagnac manuscript of the trial and rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, Rouen.

* Saint Etienne's cathedral, including parts of the first Romanesque cathedral built in the 12th century.

* Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, 12th century monk and leader of the Cistercians

From the early 12th century, there is evidence that Pershore Abbey claimed possession of some of the relics of Saint Eadburh of Winchester, the sainted daughter of King Edward the Elder.

The municipality is named after Saint Botvid, a Christian missionary during the 12th century.