There was keen competition between the two from the introduction of the The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing | Algebra into Europe in the 12th century until its triumph in the 16th.

During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.

The current consensus, based on terminology defined by the Pecos Classification, suggests their emergence around the 12th century BCE, during the archaeologically designated Early Basketmaker II Era.

A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.

These exceptions, introduced with a good object, had grown into a widespread evil by the 12th century, virtually creating an imperium in imperio, and depriving the bishop of all authority over the chief centres of influence in his diocese.

In the 12th century the abbots of Fulda claimed precedence of the archbishop of Cologne.

Although controversial at its time, the 13 principles laid out by the 12th century Spanish Jewish philosopher Maimonides are now considered mostly normative.

Gothic-This style prevailed between the 12th century and the 16th century in Europe.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis ( 525 ); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.

They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE ; but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.

In the 12th century eddic prose Gylfaginning Snorri Sturluson relates it as the first of a series of abodes in heaven:

As a theologian Alain de Lille shared in the mystic reaction of the second half of the 12th century against the scholastic philosophy.

Brought back from Sippar to Susa as war prize in the 12th century BC

A popular legend, originating from 12th century chronicles, tells how when he first fled to the Somerset Levels, Alfred was given shelter by a peasant woman who, unaware of his identity, left him to watch some cakes she had left cooking on the fire.

Alger of Liège ( 1055 – 1131 ), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, was a learned clergyman from Liège who lived in the first half of the 12th century.

He was born in the latter part of the 12th century at Bennes, a village between Ollé and Chauffours in the diocese of Chartres.

In 1122 Afonso became fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century.

Dr. Alastair Northedge, a British archaeologist who wrote a book about findings in ' Anah, wrote that the minaret is ' commonly attributed to the Uqaylid ( dynasty ) and the 5th / 11th century ( AH / AD ), though ... more probably of the 6th / 12th century.

Rashi, the great 12th century commentator on the Bible and Talmud, states clearly of the fetus lav nefesh hu: " it is not a person.

Chretien's story attracted many continuators, translators and interpreters in the later 12th and early 13th centuries, including Wolfram von Eschenbach, who makes the grail a great precious stone that fell from the sky.

The 11th and 12th centuries witnessed the founding of several great Berber dynasties led by religious reformers and each based on a tribal confederation that dominated the Maghrib ( also seen as Maghreb ; refers to North Africa west of Egypt ) and Al-Andalus for more than 200 years.

However, almost all high medieval armies in Europe were composed of a great deal of paid core troops, and there was a large mercenary market in Europe from at least the early 12th century.

* the Archimedes Palimpsest, a work of the great Syracusan mathematician copied onto parchment in the 10th century and overwritten by a liturgical text in the 12th century

The great esteem in which the Galgo was held is visible in the many laws of the time designed to punish the killing or theft of this dog: Fuero of Salamanca ( 9th century ); Fuero of Cuenca ; Fuero of Zorita de los Canes ; Fuero of Molina de Aragón ( 12th century ); Fuero of Usagre ( 12th century ).

Alsace experienced great prosperity during the 12th and 13th centuries under Hohenstaufen emperors.

The surcoat displayed the device of a knight ( origin of " coat of arms ") which identified him, which, with the rise of the great helm in the late 12th century and early 13th century, became more and more crucial.

Like Leo Bebb, Godric, a 12th century English saint, tells his story in the first person, and Buechner took great care to recreate the sounds and rhythm of his speech.

A settlement is recorded here in the 12th century amid a great forest that carpeted the area to the west of London.

It was destroyed by Augustinian monks in the 12th century, and replaced by the great abbey church.

Benjamin of Tuleda, a famous 12th century Jewish explorer, described the Caliph al Abbasi as a " great king ... kind unto Israel ".

Spinach became a popular vegetable in the Arab Mediterranean and arrived in Spain by the latter part of the 12th century, where the great Arab agronomist Ibn al -' Awwam called it the " captain of leafy greens ".

* Late 12th century: The great Buddhist educational centre at Nalanda, India, ( the origin of Buddhism ) where various subjects were taught subjects such as Buddhism, Logic, Philosophy, Law, Medicine, Grammar, Yoga, Mathematics, Alchemy, and Astrology, is sacked, looted and burnt by Islamic invaders.

The most flourishing period of Kurdish power was probably during the 12th century, when the great Saladin, who belonged to the Rawendi branch of the Hadabani ( or Adiabene ) tribe, founded the Ayyubite ( 1171 – 1250 ) dynasty of Syria, and Kurdish chieftainships were established, not only to the west of the Kurdistan mountains in Syria, but as far away as Egypt and Yemen.

During the controversy, both sides had tried to marshal public opinion ; as a result, lay people became engaged in religious affairs and lay piety increased, setting the stage for the Crusades and the great religious vitality of the 12th century.

Robert de Thorigny, a great supporter of Henry II of England ( who was also Duke of Normandy ), reinforced the structure of the buildings and built the main façade of the church in the 12th century.

Orderic Vitalis ( Ordericus ) ( 1075 – c. 1142 ) was an English chronicler who wrote one of the great contemporary chronicles of 11th and 12th century Normandy and Anglo-Norman England.

Finally Holmes would rally with that great champion reserve by decking Weaver with sharp uppercut in the 11th and stopping him on his feet in the 12th.

He was also an outstanding Rustvelologist ( Shota Rustaveli was a great Georgian poet of the 12th century ) and researcher of history of the Iberian-Caucasian culture.

Rabbi ben Ezra is a poem by Robert Browning about Abraham ibn Ezra ( 1092-1167 ), one of the great poets, mathematicians and scholars of the 12th century.

However, the form in the late 12th century, as attested in a great deal of mostly poetic writings, can be considered standard.