There was keen competition between the two from the introduction of the The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing | Algebra into Europe in the 12th century until its triumph in the 16th.

During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.

The current consensus, based on terminology defined by the Pecos Classification, suggests their emergence around the 12th century BCE, during the archaeologically designated Early Basketmaker II Era.

A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.

These exceptions, introduced with a good object, had grown into a widespread evil by the 12th century, virtually creating an imperium in imperio, and depriving the bishop of all authority over the chief centres of influence in his diocese.

In the 12th century the abbots of Fulda claimed precedence of the archbishop of Cologne.

Although controversial at its time, the 13 principles laid out by the 12th century Spanish Jewish philosopher Maimonides are now considered mostly normative.

Gothic-This style prevailed between the 12th century and the 16th century in Europe.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis ( 525 ); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.

They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE ; but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.

In the 12th century eddic prose Gylfaginning Snorri Sturluson relates it as the first of a series of abodes in heaven:

As a theologian Alain de Lille shared in the mystic reaction of the second half of the 12th century against the scholastic philosophy.

Brought back from Sippar to Susa as war prize in the 12th century BC

A popular legend, originating from 12th century chronicles, tells how when he first fled to the Somerset Levels, Alfred was given shelter by a peasant woman who, unaware of his identity, left him to watch some cakes she had left cooking on the fire.

Alger of Liège ( 1055 – 1131 ), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, was a learned clergyman from Liège who lived in the first half of the 12th century.

He was born in the latter part of the 12th century at Bennes, a village between Ollé and Chauffours in the diocese of Chartres.

In 1122 Afonso became fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century.

Dr. Alastair Northedge, a British archaeologist who wrote a book about findings in ' Anah, wrote that the minaret is ' commonly attributed to the Uqaylid ( dynasty ) and the 5th / 11th century ( AH / AD ), though ... more probably of the 6th / 12th century.

While their Roman predecessors were well-educated and had been experienced in warfare, the European nobility of the early medieval period were not renowned for their education, however from the 12th century it became more common for them to read.

Sunspot activity in 1129 was described by John of Worcester, and Averroes provided a description of sunspots later in the 12th century ; however, these observations were also misinterpreted as planetary transits, until Galileo gave the correct explanation in 1612.

According to different sources, the concept of sustainability in the sense of a balance between resource consumption and reproduction was however applied to forestry already in the 12th to 16th century.

The chronicle Gesta Hungarorum provides insight from the Hungarian side ; however this chronicle was written in only the 12th century.

The German High Command aimed to launch the offensive ( codename Gericht, " Judgment ") on the 12th of February ; however, fog, heavy rain and high winds delayed the offensive for a week.

Sometime in the middle of the 12th century, however, a distinction was definitely being made between an inventor of original verse and the performers of others '.

By the end of the 12th century however, the church had become one of the most important popular pilgrimage destinations in Europe.

The majority of the windows now visible at Chartres were made and installed between 1205 and 1240, however four lancets preserve panels of Romanesque glass from the 12th century which survived the fire of 1195.

Completion of the hotel was anticipated for 2010, however the site remained incomplete until the grand opening on April 12th, 2011.

By the 12th century, however, black pepper had become a popular ingredient in the cuisine of the wealthy and powerful, sometimes taking the place of China's native Sichuan pepper ( the tongue-numbing dried fruit of an unrelated plant ).

The true origin of the city, however, dates from the 12th century.

The adaption of direct democracy for Switzerland, however, dates all the way back to the 12th century during the Middle Ages.

The asserted antiquity of the see of London depends upon the traditional names of sixteen archbishops listed in the 12th century by Jocelyne of Furness in his work Bishops, the sole source of these names ; however, the earlier of the two bishops named Restitutus in Jocelyne's list is known to have existed, as he is named as attending the Council of Arles in 314.

It was, however, once referred as Aninipay by the indigenous Aetas and later Madia-as by the Malay settlers who first arrived in the island in the 12th century.

Few of the settlements are mentioned in the Domesday Book however Goudhurst's church dates from the early 12th Century or before and Wadhurst was of a sufficient size by the mid thirteenth century to be granted a royal charter permitting a market to be held.

There has been a house on the site since the 12th century ; however, little is known for sure of the early history of the 16th-century mansion known today as Chequers.

The Zuni region, however, was probably only sparsely populated by small agricultural settlements until the 12th century when the population and the size of the settlements began to increase.

Most of the legends, however, tell of King Jayaprakash Malla, the last Nepalese king of the Malla Dynasty ( 12th – 17th century CE ).

Maharashtra, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka however, have a system of junior colleges where, after taking the 10th grade board exams ( see SSLC, SSC ), students have to apply to junior colleges to complete their 11th and 12th grades.

It is however possible, that Fulco, the Bishop of Estonia mentioned in sources from 1165 and 1171, was the same as Folquinus, a legendary Bishop of Finland at the end of the 12th century, but this remains only a theory.

Nikolaj's wish, however, did come true with the fall of communism ; his remains were ultimately re-buried in his home town of Lelić on the 12th of May 1991, next to his parents and his nephew, Bishop Jovan ( Velimirović ).

However, the annual Appleby Horse Fair, held regularly in early June, earliest record since the 12th century with a charter made by Henry II ( however it is thought to have a longer tradition ), brings Gypsies from all over Britain to the town.

In consequence, however, of the treason of John Macdonald, 4th and last Lord of the Isles and 12th Earl of Ross, the earldom was again vested in the crown ( 1476 ).

A church has existed on the land at the end of Church Walk since the 12th century ; however all that remains of the original church is the font and an octagonal shaft built into the south wall of the chancel.