There was keen competition between the two from the introduction of the The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing | Algebra into Europe in the 12th century until its triumph in the 16th.

During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.

The current consensus, based on terminology defined by the Pecos Classification, suggests their emergence around the 12th century BCE, during the archaeologically designated Early Basketmaker II Era.

A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.

These exceptions, introduced with a good object, had grown into a widespread evil by the 12th century, virtually creating an imperium in imperio, and depriving the bishop of all authority over the chief centres of influence in his diocese.

In the 12th century the abbots of Fulda claimed precedence of the archbishop of Cologne.

Although controversial at its time, the 13 principles laid out by the 12th century Spanish Jewish philosopher Maimonides are now considered mostly normative.

Gothic-This style prevailed between the 12th century and the 16th century in Europe.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis ( 525 ); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.

They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE ; but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.

In the 12th century eddic prose Gylfaginning Snorri Sturluson relates it as the first of a series of abodes in heaven:

As a theologian Alain de Lille shared in the mystic reaction of the second half of the 12th century against the scholastic philosophy.

Brought back from Sippar to Susa as war prize in the 12th century BC

A popular legend, originating from 12th century chronicles, tells how when he first fled to the Somerset Levels, Alfred was given shelter by a peasant woman who, unaware of his identity, left him to watch some cakes she had left cooking on the fire.

Alger of Liège ( 1055 – 1131 ), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, was a learned clergyman from Liège who lived in the first half of the 12th century.

He was born in the latter part of the 12th century at Bennes, a village between Ollé and Chauffours in the diocese of Chartres.

In 1122 Afonso became fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century.

Dr. Alastair Northedge, a British archaeologist who wrote a book about findings in ' Anah, wrote that the minaret is ' commonly attributed to the Uqaylid ( dynasty ) and the 5th / 11th century ( AH / AD ), though ... more probably of the 6th / 12th century.

Distilling technology passed from the medieval Arabs to the medieval Latins, with the earliest records in Latin in the early 12th century.

* November 28 – Acting on the ordinance passed by the Jackson government, the Confederate Congress admits Missouri as the 12th Confederate state.

In the 12th century it was passed to Thuringia.

In the late 12th century and early 13th century, all four Giudicati passed to foreign dynasties and the local families were relegated to minor positions.

The settlement of Iceland is thoroughly recorded in the aforementioned Landnámabók, although the book was compiled in the early 12th century when at least 200 years had passed from the age of settlement.

The Mountreil-Bellay fief, first belonged to Gelduin le Danois afterward by regal hereditry passed to Berlay le Vieux who became the first Sir of Bellay, in 1025 the castle was seized by Foulque Nerra a Plantagenet making Giraud Berlay his vassal during the second half of the 12th century.

In the 12th century, the countship passed to the family of Lusignan.

By the 12th or 13th century their land is believed to have passed back to the lord and become unfree.

As the Bolebec estates passed into Vere hands through two marriages of Bolebec heiresses to Vere males in the late 12th and early 13th centuries, the two manors were combined and held by the Vere Earls of Oxford for several centuries.

It subsequently passed into the ownership of the de Batleys, and by the 12th century had passed by marriage to the Copley family.

In 1918 the 12th Earl of Home died, Dunglass succeeded him in the earldom, and the courtesy title passed to Alec Douglas-Home, who was styled Lord Dunglass until 1951.

The Senate passed a resolution in June, advising the president to amend the treaty by suspending the 12th article, which concerned trade between the U. S. and the West Indies.

Leclerc started his military career in 1791 during the French Revolution as one of the army volunteers of Seine-et-Oise and passed through the ranks of sous-lieutenant in the 12th Cavalry, then aide-de-camp to general Lapoype.

From the end of the 12th century, leadership passed to the cathedral dean ( Domdekan, decanus ).

The heir male of the 1st Earl's eldest son was William Douglas-Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton, but under the special remainder ( provision 2 above ) the titles passed instead to his younger brother, Lord Charles Hamilton, who succeeded as 7th Earl.

He then entered seminary of the Lazarists at Toulouse, but when a regiment of cavalry passed through the city in 1787, he ran away from seminary and enlisted on 23 February 1787 in the Chasseurs des Ardennes, which the following year became known as the Chasseurs de Champagne, also known as the 12th Chasseurs.

Passing is a rarity here, although the 1989 race saw a famously bullish performance from Nigel Mansell in the Ferrari, who started from 12th on the grid and passed car after car, finally taking the lead in splendid opportunist style when Ayrton Senna was baulked by a slower runner.

Amongst all Catalonian bishoprics, the Diocese of Urgell has been that which has experienced the most border-related changes throughout its existence, mainly for political reasons: the loss of Ribagorça ( 9th century ), to the benefit of the Diocese of Roda, and the cession of 144 parishes of the Berguedà, the Solsonès and a part of the Segarra, to the benefit of the new diocese of Solsona ( 1593-1623 ); later, it was necessary to adapt the territory to the borders between states, and thus in 1803, the 24 parishes of French Cerdagne, which had been ceded to France from the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, also passed ecclesiastically to that country ; and in 1804, the 28 from the Aran Valley, a territory circumscribed by France yet united fully to the Catalan-Aragonese territories at least since the 12th century, were annexed to the diocese of Urgell, coming from the eliminated Gascon diocese of Sant Bertran de Comenge.

The heir presumptive to the marquessate is the 13th Marquess younger brother Lord Ralph Kerr, who owns Ferniehirst Castle, Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, which is an ancient family seat that had passed out of family but was repurchased and restored by the 12th Marquess, and Melbourne Hall in Derbyshire.

During the 11th and 12th century, in the books of genealogy, the Bragançãos family of Castro de Avelãs ( at the time the seat of the Benedictine monastery ) dominated Bragança, its abbot Mendo Alãm, who later married Princess Ardzrouri of Armenia ( who passed through the region on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, originated the hereditary line.

The Army then passed from the control of 21st Army Group to the newly arrived 12th Army Group.

In 1967, a suit brought under the Voting Rights Act passed by the U. S. Congress two years earlier lead to the creation of the majority black 12th Congressional District in Brooklyn.

The initial two were the 21st Army Group and the 12th Army Group ( originally the U. S. 1st Army Group or FUSAG ), and in September 1944, operational command of the Sixth Army Group ( which had landed in the south of France during Operation Dragoon ) passed from Allied Force Headquarters ( AFHQ ) to SHAEF.