The brew, first described academically in the early 1950s by Harvard ethnobotanist Richard Evans Schultes, who found it employed for divinatory and healing purposes by the native peoples of Amazonian Colombia, is known by a number of different names ( see below ).

Beat writer William Burroughs read a paper by Richard Evans Schultes on the subject and sought out yagé in the early 1950s while traveling through South America in the hopes that it could relieve or cure opiate addiction ( see The Yage Letters ).

Subsequent modifications of Watson's perspective and that of " classical conditioning " ( see under Ivan Pavlov ) led to the rise of operant conditioning or " radical behaviorism ," a theory advocated by B. F. Skinner, which took over the academic establishment up through the 1950s and was synonymous with " behaviorism " for many.

In the 1950s Hao Wang and Martin Davis greatly simplified the one-tape Turing-machine model ( see Post – Turing machine ).

In the 1950s, the endogenous production of psychoactive agents was considered to be a potential explanation for the hallucinatory symptoms of some psychiatric diseases as the transmethylation hypothesis ( see also adrenochrome ), though this hypothesis does not account for the natural presence of endogenous DMT in otherwise normal humans, rats and other laboratory animals.

In the 1950s, radar was fitted to day fighters, since pilots could no longer see far enough ahead to prepare for any opposition.

Since the early 1970s, oral history in Britain has grown from being a method in folklore studies ( see for example the work of the School of Scottish Studies in the 1950s ) to becoming a key component in community histories.

Josephie was one of the Inuit who were relocated in the 1950s to very difficult living conditions in Resolute and Grise Fiord, in the extreme North ( see High Arctic relocation ).

* The role of tobacco smoking in the causation of cancer and other diseases was proven during the 1950s ( see British Doctors Study ).

: Note: Sometimes the ' 50s is used as shorthand for the 1950s, the 1850s, or other such decades in various centuries – see List of decades

The first system to become operational and to see combat was the French Nord SS. 10 during the early 1950s.

In the 1950s, Alberto Pirelli commissioned the building of a famous Milanese skyscraper in the same area that housed the very first Pirelli factory during the 19th century: see Pirelli Tower

The field emerged from a number of different areas: the sociology of the 1950s and later ( see Sociology of gender ); the theories of the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan ; and the work of feminists such as Judith Butler.

The Jetliner represented a new type of regional jet airliner that would not see comparable designs until the late 1950s.

" She also spoke about June Carter Cash, stating that she believed Carter Cash was a woman ahead of her time: " I think the really remarkable thing about her character is that she did all of these things that we sort of see as normal things in the 1950s when it wasn't really acceptable for a woman to be married and divorced twice and have two different children by two different husbands and travel around in a car full of very famous musicians all by herself.

Many of the handrails by the bridges show deep marks worn by the towropes by which horses pulled canal barges until the 1950s, and it is still possible to see ramps on the canal bank designed to assist horses which fell in the canal after being startled by the noise of a train.

In the 1950s Phebe Underhill Seaman sold a large piece of her land to developers and the growth of Jericho came fast and made Jericho the suburban community we see today.

In the 1950s, Utah began to feed on Park City as a mountain getaway, and not until D. James Canon promoted winter sports in Utah, with the promotional scheme of “ Ski Utah ” and “ The Greatest Snow on Earth ” did many drive to see for themselves why Utah is a winter wonderland.

Following World War II, it became common to see veterans wearing their uniform trousers with their T-shirts as casual clothing, and they became even more popular in the 1950s after Marlon Brando wore one in A Streetcar Named Desire, finally achieving status as fashionable, stand-alone, outer-wear garments.

Its last occupant as also that of the Syrian Catholic titular see dates to the 1950s.

In Ireland, a report ( see Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse ) was made covering six decades ( from the 1950s ) noting " endemic " sexual abuse in Catholic boys ' institutions with church leaders aware of what was going on and government inspectors failing to " stop beatings, rapes and humiliation.

( For details about these Columbia releases of the 1950s, see the Sam Katzman entry.

Elevation changes since the 1950s are predominantly due to improved survey methods and model refinements of the shape of the Earth ( see vertical reference datum ).

Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, Kurosawa directed approximately a film a year, including a number of highly regarded films such as Ikiru ( 1952 ), Seven Samurai ( 1954 ) and Yojimbo ( 1961 ).

In the late 1950s she shared an exchange which was called " la croisée de deux sillages " (" the crossing of two wakes ") with actor and true-crime author John Gilmore, then an actor in France who was working on a New Wave film with Jean Seberg.

By the middle of the decade, some of the 1950s generation of American comedians, such as Jerry Lewis, went into decline, while Peter Sellers found success with international audiences in his first American film The Pink Panther.

David Janssen ( March 27, 1931 – February 13, 1980 ) was an American film and television actor who is best known for his starring role as Dr. Richard Kimble in the television series The Fugitive ( 1963 – 1967 ), the starring role in the 1950s hit detective series Richard Diamond, Private Detective ( 1957 – 60 ), and as Harry Orwell on Harry O.

Eli Herschel Wallach ( born December 7, 1915 ) is an American film, television and stage actor who gained fame in the late 1950s.

Nonetheless, the share of the film market for German films in this period and into the 1950s remained relatively large, taking up some 40 percent of the total market.

Bartov wrote no German film of the 1950s showed the deep commitment felt by many German soldiers to National Socialism, the utter ruthless way the German Army fought the war and the mindless nihilist brutality of the later Wehrmacht.

The international significance of the West German film industry of the 1950s could no longer measure up to that of France, Italy, or Japan.

During Indian cinema's ' Golden Age ' of the 1950s, it was producing 200 films annually, while Indian independent films gained greater recognition through international film festivals.

Hollywood's classical film noir period is generally regarded as extending from the early 1940s to the late 1950s.

Film noir similarly embraces a variety of genres, from the gangster film to the police procedural to the gothic romance to the social problem picture — any example of which from the 1940s and 1950s, now seen as noir's classical era, was likely to be described as a " melodrama " at the time.

The 1940s and 1950s are generally regarded as the " classic period " of American film noir.

The prevalence of the private eye as a lead character declined in film noir of the 1950s, a period during which several critics describe the form as becoming more focused on extreme psychologies and more exaggerated in general.

Gumby was created by Art Clokey in the early 1950s after finishing film school at University of Southern California.

Clokey and his wife, Ruth ( née Parkander ), invented Gumby in the early 1950s at their Covina home shortly after Art finished film school at USC.

In the critically acclaimed and influential 1950s TV series created by Nigel Kneale, Quatermass and the Pit, depictions of supernatural horned entities, with specific reference to prehistoric cave-art and shamanistic horned head-dress are revealed to be a " race-memory " of psychic Martian grasshoppers, manifested at the climax of the film by a fiery horned god.

Frankenheimer returned to television during the late 1950s, moving to film permanently in 1961 with The Young Savages, in which he worked for the first time with Burt Lancaster in a story of a young boy murdered by a New York gang.

The 1978 film version of Grease was a smash hit ; its songs were original compositions done in a 1950s pop style.

He credited the graphic coverage of violence by San Antonio news outlets as one inspiration for the film and based elements of the plot on serial killer Ed Gein in 1950s Wisconsin ; Gein inspired other horror films such as Psycho ( 1960 ) and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ).

After several successful film exports to the United States during the 1950s through Henry G. Saperstein, Toho opened the La Brea Theatre in Los Angeles to show its own films without selling to a distributor.

In the 1950s producer Ted Banborough announced plans to make a film about Chapman starring Michael Rennie or Stanley Baker but this did not eventuate.

A popular sub-genre war films in the 1950s and 1960s was the prisoner of war film.

" Film critic David Richard Jones adds that Kazan, during the 1940s and 1950s, was one of America's foremost Stanislavskians, and " influenced thousands of contemporaries " in the theatre, film, and the Actors Studio that he helped found.