As early as the 6th century B.C. the earth was seen to be spherical.

At Eretria the identity of an excavated 7th and 6th century temple to Apollo Daphnephoros, " Apollo, laurel-bearer ", or " carrying off Daphne ", a " place where the citizens are to take the oath ", is identified in inscriptions.

In the 6th century BC the kingdom of Lydia almost expanded to the whole of Asia Minor, until it became a satrapy of the Persian Empire.

Later during the 6th century BC, most of Anatolia was conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Persians having usurped the Medes as the dominant dynasty in Iran.

Also, in the 6th century BC, the Indo-European Armenians founded the Orontid Dynasty in Urartu.

In India, the Ājīvika, Jain, and Cārvāka schools of atomism may date back to the 6th century BCE.

In general, the alphabets of the Mediterranean region ( Anatolia, Greece, Italy ) are classified as Phoenician-derived, adapted from around the 8th century BCE, while those of the East ( the Levant, Persia, Central Asia and India ) are considered Aramaic-derived, adapted from around the 6th century BCE from the Imperial Aramaic script of the Achaemenid Empire.

By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established.

The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

* Pherecydes of Syros ( 6th century BC )

The earliest records of the study of this phenomenon are attributed to the philosopher Pythagoras in the 6th century BC.

In the 6th century BC, the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras wanted to know why some musical intervals seemed more beautiful than others, and he found answers in terms of numerical ratios representing the harmonic overtone series on a string.

Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis ( 525 ); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.

Area settled by the Alemanni, and sites of Roman-Alamannic battles, 3rd to 6th century

Thus 6th century Gallo-Romans of Gregory's class, surrounded by the ruins of Roman temples and public buildings, attributed the destruction they saw to the plundering raids of the Alemanni.

The gold bracteate of Pliezhausen ( 6th or 7th century ) shows typical iconography of the pagan period.

We know that in the 6th century, the Alemanni were predominantly pagan, and in the 8th century, they were predominantly Christian.

Alcaeus ( Alkaios, ) of Mytilene ( c. 620 – 6th century BC ), Greek lyric poet from Lesbos Island who is credited with inventing the Alcaic verse.

By the 6th century Alexander's commentaries on Aristotle were considered so useful that he was referred to as " the commentator " ().

Anacharsis (; ) was a Scythian philosopher who travelled from his homeland on the northern shores of the Black Sea to Athens in the early 6th century BC and made a great impression as a forthright, outspoken " barbarian ", apparently a forerunner of the Cynics, though none of his works have survived.

Dr. Alastair Northedge, a British archaeologist who wrote a book about findings in ' Anah, wrote that the minaret is ' commonly attributed to the Uqaylid ( dynasty ) and the 5th / 11th century ( AH / AD ), though ... more probably of the 6th / 12th century.

Anaximenes () of Miletus ( b. 585 BCE, d. 528 BCE ) was an Archaic Greek Pre-Socratic philosopher active in the latter half of the 6th century BC .< ref name =" lindberg28 "> Lindberg, David C. “ The Greeks and the Cosmos .” < u > The Beginnings of Western Science </ u >.

Epimenides was a 6th Century BC philosopher and religious prophet who, against the general sentiment of Crete, proposed that Zeus was immortal, as in the following poem:

Pakudha Kaccayana, a 6th century BCE Indian philosopher and contemporary of Gautama Buddha, had also propounded ideas about the atomic constitution of the material world.

The concept originates at least by the 6th century BC, when it was advocated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius, who " invented the notion that those who govern should do so because of merit, not of inherited status.

Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, also known as Pseudo-Denys, was a Christian theologian and philosopher of the late 5th to early 6th century, the author of the Corpus Areopagiticum ( before 532 ).

Thales ( 7th – 6th century BC ), the first Greek philosopher claimed that the first principle of all things is water.

Anaximander ( 6th century BC ) was the first philosopher who used the term arche for that which writers from Aristotle on call the " substratum " ( Hippolitus I, 6, I DK B2 ).

* Anaximenes of Miletus ( 6th century BC ), Greek pre-Socratic philosopher

6th century BCE ) was a philosopher of ancient China, best known as the author of the Tao Te Ching ( often simply referred to as Laozi ).

We also have fragments of the writings of the early philosopher Pherecydes of Syros ( 6th century ) who devised a myth or legend in which powers known as Zas and Chronos ' Time ' and Chthonie ' Of the Earth ' existed from the beginning and in which Chronos creates the universe.

* Heliodorus ( philosopher ), a 6th century philosopher, author of a work entitled Commentary

480 – 524 or 525 AD ), was a philosopher of the early 6th century.

The case of Democritus is different from the case of, for example, Epimenides of Crete ( 7th, 6th centuries BC ), who is said to have lived 154, 157 or 290 years, as has been said about countless elders even during the last centuries as well as in the present time. The philosopher and theologian Ramanuja lived from 1017CE to 1137 CE. His body is said to be not perished and kept at Sri Ranganather temple, Trichy district, Tamilnadu India as exhibit These cases are not verifiable by modern means.

In the 6th century BC the Greek philosopher Thales is recorded as using similar triangles to estimate the height of the pyramids by measuring the length of their shadows and that of his own at the same moment, and comparing the ratios to his height ( intercept theorem ); and to have estimated the distances to ships at sea as seen from a clifftop, by measuring the horizontal distance traversed by the line-of-sight for a known fall, and scaling up to the height of the whole cliff.

One of the first references to lodestone's magnetic properties is by 6th century BCE Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus, who is credited by the ancient Greeks with discovering lodestone's attraction to iron and other lodestones.

Nicholas Russell, the 6th Earl Russell ( and grandson of the philosopher and 3rd Earl, Bertrand Russell ) is a strong supporter of the Co-operative Party and secretary of its Waltham Forest branch ; he is vocal in his call for the abolition of the House of Lords.

The crater is named for the 6th century BCE Greek philosopher and astronomer Anaximander.

In the 6th century, the Consolation of Philosophy, by statesman and philosopher Boethius, written while he faced execution, reflected the Christian theology of casus, that the apparently random and often ruinous turns of Fortune's Wheel are in fact both inevitable and providential, that even the most coincidental events are part of God's hidden plan which one should not resist or try to change.

Classical Greece ( 6th – 4th century BC ) provides an original and powerful source of obscurantism in The Republic ( c. 380 BC ), wherein Plato proposes government via the Noble Lie — the necessary mythical justification for the status quo that guides the philosopher king in ruling society.

Cosmos generally refers to an orderly or harmonious system, and is used as a synonym for Universe when emphasizing that the universe is governed by an orderly system of physical laws ; this usage originated with the philosopher Pythagoras in the 6th century BCE.