Konstantinos Porphyrogennetos, the fourth emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century AD, referred to Asia Minor as East thema, " ανατολικόν θέμα " ( from the Greek words anatoli: east, thema: administrative division ), placing this region to the East of Byzantium, while Europe was lying to the West.

The most important text for the study of early Korean is the Hyangga, a collection of 25 poems, of which some go back to the Three Kingdoms period ( 57 – 668 AD ), but are preserved in an orthography that only goes back to the 9th century AD ( Miller 1996: 60 ).

From the 9th century BC, Luwian regions coalesced into a number of states such as Lydia, Caria and Lycia, all of which had Hellenic influence.

Byzantine control was challenged by Arab raids starting in the 7th century ( see Byzantine – Arab Wars ), but in the 9th and 10th century a resurgent Byzantine Empire regained its lost territories and even expanded beyond its traditional borders, into Armenia and Syria ( ancient Aram ).

In the 9th century BC, the Greeks adapted the Phoenician script for use in their own language.

Walafrid Strabo, a monk of the Abbey of St. Gall writing in the 9th century, remarked, in discussing the people of Switzerland and the surrounding regions, that only foreigners called them the Alemanni, but that they gave themselves the name of Suevi.

The first universally accepted inscription containing the use of the 0 glyph is first recorded in the 9th century, in an inscription at Gwalior in Central India dated to 870.

It is probable that the island was not doricized before the 9th century BC.

The island flourished in the early 9th century, as evidenced by church construction activity, but suffered greatly from Arab raids originating from Crete.

* Saint Athanasia of Aegina ( 9th century ), abbess and saint

From the 8th century to the 9th century, many inhabitants of what is present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and areas of northern India were converted to Sunni Islam.

During the end of the 9th century, the Samanids extended its rule from Bukhara to as far south as the Indus River and west into most of Persia.

During the end of the 9th century, the Samanids extended its rule from Bukhara to as far south as the Indus River and west into most of Persia.

Kiernan's reasoning has in part to do with the much-discussed political context of the poem: it has been held by most scholars, until recently, that the poem was composed in the 8th century on the assumption that a poem eliciting sympathy for the Danes could not have been composed by Anglo-Saxons during the Viking Ages of the 9th and 10th centuries, and that the poem celebrates the namesakes of 8th Century Mercian Kings.

A suggestion made by John Mitchell Kemble ( 1849 ) and defended by Jäching ( 1976 ) puts a terminus post quem of the early 9th century on the Finnesburg episode at least.

His works were so influential that late in the 9th century Notker the Stammerer, a monk of the Monastery of St. Gall in Switzerland, wrote that " God, the orderer of natures, who raised the Sun from the East on the fourth day of Creation, in the sixth day of the world has made Bede rise from the West as a new Sun to illuminate the whole Earth ".

In the Prose Edda Snorri Sturluson quotes many stanzas attributed to Bragi Boddason the old ( Bragi Boddason inn gamli ), a court poet who served several Swedish kings, Ragnar Lodbrok, Östen Beli and Björn at Hauge who reigned in the first half of the 9th century.

As well as being arch chancellors of the Holy Roman Empire after the 9th century, bishops generally served as chancellors to medieval monarchs, acting as head of the justiciary and chief chaplain.

There are no bishops mentioned during the whole 8th century and part of the 9th in Bordeaux.

Bretwalda ( also brytenwalda and bretenanwealda ) is an Old English word, the first record of which comes from the late 9th century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

The first recorded use of the term Bretwalda comes from a West Saxon chronicle of the late 9th century that applied the term to Ecgberht, who ruled from 802 to 839.

* Old Bulgarian ( 9th to 11th century, also referred to as Old Church Slavonic ) – a literary norm of the early southern dialect of the Common Slavic language from which Bulgarian evolved.

Bethlehem then passed through the control of the Islamic caliphates of the Umayyads in the 8th century, then the Abbasids in the 9th century.

Its three colours of red, white and blue go back to Charlemagne's time, the 9th century.

In the early 9th century, Charlemagne's Christian empire had expanded to the southern border of the Danes, and Frankish sources ( e. g. Notker of St Gall ) provide the earliest historical evidence of the Danes.

Events in the 9th century postponed the conflict: the Holy Roman Empire in its Frankish form collapsed as it was subdivided among Charlemagne's grandchildren.

The early period of the script, during Charlemagne's reign in the late 8th century and early 9th, still has widely varying letter forms in different regions.

The Avar rule over the area lasted until the 9th century, until Charlemagne's campaigns.

The early association of silk serge, Greece, and France is shown by the discovery in Charlemagne's tomb of a piece of silk serge dyed with Byzantine motifs, evidently a gift from the Byzantine Imperial Court in the 8th or 9th century AD.

* 1221 ( Jōkyū 3, 9th day of the 7th month ): In the 1st year of what is now considered to have been Chūkyō-tennō's reign ( 仲恭天皇1年 ), he abruptly abdicated without designating an heir ; and contemporary scholars then construed that the succession (‘‘ senso ’’) was received by a grandson of former Emperor Go-Toba.

* An event in the early 9th century where the emperor spent 2 million strings of cash to purchase the former mansion of a venerated minister so that the dwelling could be returned to the minister's pious grandson.

Under the nearly continuous campaigns of Charles Martel, Pepin the Short, and Charlemagne — father, son, grandson — the greatest expansion of the Frankish empire was secured by the early 9th century.

As of 2009 the titles are held by his grandson, also William Pleydell-Bouverie, the 9th Earl of Radnor, who succeeded his father in 2008.

On his death, the Earldom of Cowper and its associated titles became extinct, the Barony of Butler became abeyant, and the Barony of Lucas and the Lordship of Dingwall passed to his nephew, Auberon Herbert ( a grandson of the 3rd Earl of Carnarvon ), who became 9th Baron Lucas and 5th Lord Dingwall.

The peerages created for him died out with his grandson the 9th Duke in 1777, though the current Baron Mowbray descends from the 9th Duke.

The Cannons / O ' Canannains were of the ancient sept of Cenell Conaill, a branch of the northern Ui Neill and descend from Ruaidrí ua Canannain ( died 30 November 950 ), King of Cenel Conaill, and grandson of Canannain, who flourished in the second half of the 9th century.

* July 29, 1221 ( Jōkyū 3, 9th day of the 7th month ): In the 1st year of what is now considered to have been Chūkyō-tennō's reign ( 仲恭天皇1年 ), he abruptly abdicated without designating an heir ; and contemporary scholars then construed that the succession ( senso ) was received by a grandson of former Emperor Go-Toba.

The 9th Earl's son and grandson succeeded as l0th and 11th Earls.

He defeated Congressman William H. Harrison, the great-great-grandson of William Henry Harrison ( 9th President of the United States ) and grandson of Benjamin Harrison ( 23rd President of the United States ), by a margin of 51 %- 48 %.

Sunni schools of thought commemorate it through optional fasting on the 9th and tenth, while Shia Muslims through self-flagellation and passion plays about Muhammad's grandson, Husayn ibn Ali and his martyrdom in the Battle of Karbala.

* The Norse sources have Ketill's daughters Thorunn marrying Helgi inn magri, a grandson of Cerball mac Dúnlainge, and Auðr marrying Olaf the White, both of whom were prominent figures in Ireland, suggesting significant connections between Ketill and the mid 9th century political landscape of that region.

The 7th earl was succeeded by his uncle William ( 1788 – 1859 ), a son of the 4th earl, and in 1859 William's grandson, William Frederick ( 1851 – 1930 ), became the 9th earl.

Thorold was the second son of the Reverend Edward Thorold and his wife Mary ( nee Wilson ), and grandson of Sir John Thorold, 9th Baronet ( 1734 – 1815 ).