* c. 4500 BC: Ending of Neolithic IA ( the Aceramic ) in Cyprus

The lush primeval forest which once covered the eastern coastal plain, where the Amerindians built their first settlements during the Aceramic period, is gone forever, and so is a large portion of the ecosystem surrounding the coral reef just offshore.

Çatalhöyük (; also Çatal Höyük and Çatal Hüyük, or any of the three without diacritics ; çatal is Turkish for " fork ", höyük for " mound ") was a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC.

Mehrgarh Period I 7000 BCE – 5500 BCE, was Neolithic and aceramic ( i. e., without the use of pottery ).

The transition from Neolithic times to the Iron Age apparently was achieved without intermediate bronze production.

These date, without interruption, from Neolithic times ( 5th-4th millennium BC ) to the Bronze Age ( 2nd-1st millennium BC ), the Gallic phases ( 2nd-1st C. BC ) and end with Roman residential settlements, which can be dated to the 3rd century AD.

Currently a number of radiocarbon dates have raised the estimate to 7000 – 6500 BC ; furthermore, " Knossos Neolithic remains without parallels elsewhere on Crete.

While the first evidences of Neolithic contact in the Basque Country can be dated to the 4th millennium BCE, it was not until the beginning of the 3rd that the area accepted, gradually and without radical changes, the advances of agricultural cultivation and domestication of sheep.

Regardless of specific chronology, many European Neolithic groups share basic characteristics, such as living in small-scale, presumably egalitarian, family-based communities, subsisting on domesticated plants and animals supplemented with the collection of wild plant foods and with hunting, and producing hand-made pottery, that is, pottery made without the potter's wheel.

* Among the sexual depictions in Neolithic and Bronze Age drawings and figurines from the Mediterranean are, as one author describes it, a " third sex " human figure having female breasts and male genitals or without distinguishing sex characteristics.

In Neolithic Italy, female images are found in a domestic context, while images that combine sexual characteristics appear in burials or religious settings ; in Neolithic Greece and Cyprus, figures are often dual-sexed or without identifying sexual characteristics.

The very limited archaeological record provides scant evidence of Mesolithic life in Orkney, but the later assemblage of houses and monumental Neolithic structures in the archipelago is without parallel in the United Kingdom.

Some archaeologists have pointed to evidence that there was a significant amount of continuity of prehistoric economic, architectural, and social structures, suggesting that the transition between the Neolithic, Helladic and early Greek cultures may have continued without major rifts in social texture.

Regardless of specific chronology, many European Neolithic groups share basic characteristics, such as living in small-scale, family-based communities, more egalitarian than the city-states and Chiefdoms of the Bronze Age, subsisting on domestic plants and animals supplemented with the collection of wild plant foods and hunting, and producing hand-made pottery, without the aid of the potter's wheel.

Archeological finds show that the island has been inhabited without interruption since the Neolithic age.

It is very difficult to tell the exact date of the Winter solstice without modern equipment ( although the Neolithic builders of the Newgrange monument seem to have managed it ).

Cult objects suggest the practice of new cults very different from the Neolithic Magna Mater conception: cult of the Deer, womb-shaped solar motives, figures of women in clothes without sexual or fertility decoration, symbols of double axe.

Other early Neolithic cultures can be found in Ukraine and Southern Russia, where the epi-Gravettian locals assimilated cultural influxes from beyond the Caucasus ( culture of Dniepr-Don and related ) and in Andalusia ( Spain ), where the rare Neolithic of La Almagra Pottery appears without known origins very early ( c. 7800 BP ).

The novel evokes the Neolithic period without giving in to the temptation to speculate on the significance of Neolithic stone circle ; in fact, religion is almost completely absent from the lives of the down-to-earth stonemasons.

During the later Neolithic ( 3300-2500 BC ) massive circular enclosures and the use of grooved ware and Unstan ware pottery emerge.

Both are followed by the aceramic Neolithic ( Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B ) and the pottery Neolithic.

As the " Neolithic package " ( including farming, herding, polished stone axes, timber longhouses and pottery ) spread into Europe, the Mesolithic way of life was marginalized and eventually disappeared.

It created a distinctive type of pottery, with point or knob base and flared rims, manufactured by methods not used by the Neolithic farmers.

Mehrgarh Period II 5500 BCE – 4800 BCE and Merhgarh Period III 4800 BCE – 3500 BCE were ceramic Neolithic ( i. e., pottery was now in use ) and later chalcolithic.

Not all of these cultural elements characteristic of the Neolithic appeared everywhere in the same order: the earliest farming societies in the Near East did not use pottery.

Use of obsidian in pottery of the Neolithic in the area around Lipari was found to be significantly less at a distance representing two weeks journeying.

Discovery of tools and pottery in several archaeological digs and burial places scattered across Slovakia, surprisingly including northern regions at relatively high altitudes, gives evidence of human habitation in the Neolithic period.

The transition to the Neolithic era in Central Europe featured the development of agriculture and the clearing of pastures, the first smelting of metals at the local level, the " Retz " style pottery and also fluted pottery.

Dating evidence is provided by the late Neolithic grooved ware pottery that has been found in connection with the features from this phase.

During the Neolithic period, human societies underwent major cultural and economic changes, including the development of agriculture, the formation of sedentary societies and fixed settlements, increasing population densities, and the use of pottery and more complex tools.

The archaeological site of Sidon II shows a lithic assemblage dating to the Acheulean, whilst finds at Sidon III include a Heavy Neolithic assemblage suggested to date just prior to the invention of pottery.

During this entire time stone remained in use in parallel with the metals for some objects, including those also used in the Neolithic, such as stone pottery.

However, the earliest certain evidence of human settlement in the region of Sparta consists of pottery dating from the Middle Neolithic period, found in the vicinity of Kouphovouno some two kilometres south-southwest of Sparta.

The Jeulmun pottery period is sometimes labeled the " Korean Neolithic ", but since intensive agriculture and evidence of European-style ' Neolithic ' lifestyle is sparse at best, such terminology is misleading.

During the Neolithic era, the territory of modern-day Austria was home to the Linear pottery culture, one of the first agrarian cultures in Europe.

The beginning of the Late Neolithic Period about 2200 BC is characterized by the appearance of the Corded Ware culture, pottery with corded decoration and well-polished stone axes ( s. c. boat-shape axes ).

Swastikas have also been found on pottery in archaeological digs in Africa, in the area of Kush and on pottery at the Jebel Barkal temples, in Iron Age designs of the northern Caucasus ( Koban culture ), and in Neolithic China in the Majiabang, Dawenkou and Xiaoheyan cultures.

It is believed that at the end of the Neolithic Period ( around 4000 BC ), Achill had a population of 500 – 1, 000 people.

Amber is fossilized tree resin ( not sap ), which has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times.

However, the name Artemis ( variants Arktemis, Arktemisa ) is most likely related to Greek árktos ‘ bear ’ ( from PIE * h₂ŕ ̥ tḱos ), supported by the bear cult that the goddess had in Attica ( Brauronia ) and the Neolithic remains at the Arkouditessa, as well as the story about Callisto, which was originally about Artemis ( Arcadian epithet kallisto ).

Together they illustrate every aspect of the cultures of the Nile Valley ( including Nubia ), from the Predynastic Neolithic period ( c. 10, 000 BC ) through to the Coptic ( Christian ) times ( 12th century AD ), a time-span over 11, 000 years.

In late Neolithic times, the Yellow River valley began to establish itself as a center of Yangshao culture ( 5000 BC to 3000 BC ), and the first villages were founded ; the most archaeologically significant of these was found at Banpo, Xi ' an.

This was replaced in 7500 BC by Pre-Pottery Neolithic B ( PPNB ), dwelling in square houses, coming from Northern Syria and the Euphrates bend.

Dame Kathleen Mary Kenyon, DBE ( 5 January 1906 – 24 August 1978 ), was a leading archaeologist of Neolithic culture in the Fertile Crescent.

The area, stretching from the Dnieper River in the east to the Iron Gate of the Danube in the west ( which included the land now in Moldova ), had a civilization as highly advanced as anywhere else on Earth during the Neolithic period.

By the time of Vere Gordon Childe's work, The Dawn of Europe ( 1947 ), which affirms the Mesolithic, sufficient data had been collected to determine that the Mesolithic was in fact necessary and was indeed a transition and intermediary between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic.

Mehrgarh ( Brahui: Mehrgaŕh, ), one of the most important Neolithic ( 7000 BCE to c. 2500 BCE ) sites in archaeology, lies on the " Kachi plain " of now Balochistan, Pakistan.

* Jarrige, C, J. F. Jarrige, R. H. Meadow, G. Quivron, eds ( 1995 / 6 ), Mehrgarh Field Reports 1974-85: From Neolithic times to the Indus Civilization.

While geometric microliths first make their appearance in the Magdalenian, initially as elongated triangles and later as trapezoids ( although the microburin technique is seen from the Perigordian ), they are mostly seen during the Epipaleolithic and the Neolithic.

Celtiberian tradition of Wicca, consisting of Fernando Gonzalez ( source ) in the 80's of the twentieth century from the Hispanic Traditional Witchcraft to which he belongs, is a structured religion through the symbiosis between " traditionalism wizard " ( inciatic and mystery ), the historical reconstructionist ( cultural and archaeological ) and " adaptationism " liturgical ( conditioning ceremonial ) of Hispanic Traditional Witchcraft, paganism, religious worship pre-Christian Celtic and Iberian mainly and those that were previously formed ( shamanism, Neolithic and Paleolithic cults ).

The Kebarans in their turn were directly ancestral to the succeeding Natufian culture ( 10, 500 – 8500 BCE ), which has enormous significance for prehistorians as the clearest evidence of hunters and gatherers in actual transition to Neolithic food production.

Bomhard ( 2008 ) suggests a differentiation of Proto-Nostratic by 8, 000 BCE, the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution in the Levant, over a territory spanning the entire Fertile Crescent and beyond into the Caucasus ( Proto-Kartvelian ), Egypt and along the Red Sea to the Horn of Africa ( Proto-Afroasiatic ), the Iranian Plateau ( Proto-Elamo-Dravidian ) and into Central Asia ( Proto-Eurasiatic, to be further subdivided by 5, 000 BCE into Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Uralic and Proto-Altaic ).

The island has evidence from every stage in the history of Orkney, with a Neolithic settlement at Rinyo, Bronze Age burnt mounds, Iron Age crannogs and brochs ( the highest density anywhere in Scotland: three within of coastline ), Viking boat burials, remains of a medieval church and the stately home at Trumland.

At least seventeen finds of Papaver somniferum from Neolithic settlements have been reported throughout Switzerland, Germany, and Spain, including the placement of large numbers of poppy seed capsules at a burial site ( the Cueva de los Murciélagos, or " Bat cave ," in Spain ), which have been carbon-14 dated to 4200 BCE Numerous finds of Papaver somniferum or Papaver setigerum from Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements have also been reported.

Mehrgarh, ( 7000 – 5500 BCE ), on the Kachi Plain of Balochistan, is an important Neolithic site discovered in 1974, with early evidence of farming and herding, and dentistry.

Pottery was in use in ancient India, including areas now forming Pakistan and northwest India, during the Mehrgarh Period II ( 5, 500-4, 800 BCE ) and Merhgarh Period III ( 4, 800-3, 500 BCE ), known as the ceramic Neolithic and chalcolithic.

Some archaeologists would extend the time depth of PIE to the middle Neolithic ( 5500 to 4500 BC ) or even the early Neolithic ( 7500 to 5500 BC ), and suggest alternative location hypotheses.

Groups of hunter-fisher-gatherers started to inhabit the area from the Mesolithic ( 8200 BC ), up to the advent of agriculture in the Neolithic ( 3200 BC ).

Since approximately 10, 000 BC Syria was one of the centers of Neolithic culture ( PPNA ), where agriculture and cattle breeding appeared for the first time in the world.