This was a response by the North West Company to the plans of John Jacob Astor to send a ship around the Americas to establish a fur trading post.

The fur trade played a vital role in the development of Siberia, the Russian Far East and the Russian colonization of the Americas.

MtDNA Haplogroup D is found frequently throughout East Asia and Central Asia, and is also common in some populations of North Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Americas ; in addition, it has been found with low frequency in some populations of Europe and Southwest Asia.

The reason the digits are more commonly known as " Arabic numerals " in Europe and the Americas is that they were introduced to Europe in the 10th century by Arabs of North Africa, who were then using the digits from Libya to Morocco.

Common targets include the World Bank ( WB ), International Monetary Fund ( IMF ), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) and the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) and free trade treaties like the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ), Free Trade Area of the Americas ( FTAA ), the Multilateral Agreement on Investment ( MAI ) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services ( GATS ).

* Americas: Badminton Pan Am ( North America and South America belong to the same confederation ; BPA )

In many tourist or travel destinations, a bus is part of the tourist attraction, such as the North American tourist trolleys, London ’ s Routemaster heritage routes, or the customised buses of Malta, Asia and the Americas.

Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later the Americas, Australia and North Africa.

Though Havana, which had become the third-largest city in the Americas, was to enter an era of sustained development and closening ties with North America during this period, the British occupation of the city proved short-lived.

For example, the Americas and Europe are considered part of Christendom, but this region is further subdivided into the West ( representing the North Atlantic ) and Latin America.

* Literary Managers & Dramaturgs of the Americas, Official Website of professional organization in North America

* North American: The San Francisco International Film Festival, started in 1957, is the oldest continuously running film festival in the Americas.

The history of the Americas ( North, South, and Central America, and the Caribbean ) begins with people migrating to these areas from Asia during the height of an Ice Age.

Most populations of the woolly mammoth in North America and Eurasia, as well as all the Columbian mammoths in North America, died out around the time of the last glacial retreat, as part of a mass extinction of megafauna in northern Eurasia and the Americas.

Close to 70 % of the 334 extant species occur in Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands, with the remaining 100 found in the Americas, primarily in South America, but with thirteen in Central America, and one in North America, north of Mexico.

* Sletcher, Michael, " North American Indians ", in Will Kaufman and Heidi Macpherson, eds., Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, 2 vols.

Horses and tapirs both evolved in North America ; rhinoceroses appear to have developed in Asia from tapir-like animals and then recolonised the Americas during the middle Eocene ( about 45 Mya ).

The Mongoloid race sees the widest geographic distribution, including all of the Americas, North Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia, the entire inhabited Arctic.

If the Americas are viewed as a single continent ( named America ), then it is composed of the subcontinents of North America and South America, the land bridge of Central America, and the islands of the Antillas.

Tobacco had long been in use as an entheogen in the Americas, but upon the arrival of Europeans in North America, it quickly became popularized as a trade item and a widely-abused drug.

In the Americas, the Toltec and Mixtec civilizations flourished in central America, along with the Huari Culture of South America and the Mississippian culture of North America.

* October 7 – The Royal Proclamation of 1763 is issued by George III of the United Kingdom, restricting westward expansion of British North America and stabilizing relations with indigenous peoples of the Americas.

Bread is the staple food in Europe, European-derived cultures such as the Americas, and the Middle East and North Africa, as opposed to East Asia whose staple is rice.

* " Fair " instead of " free " trade, via democratic control of the World Trade Organisation and international financial institutions such the International Monetary Fund, Worldbank, European Union, North American Free Trade Agreement, Free Trade Area of the Americas, and G8.

Adobe had been in use by indigenous peoples of the Americas in the Southwestern United States, Mesoamerica, and the Andean region of South America for several thousand years, although often substantial amounts of stone are used in the walls of Pueblo buildings.

This led to americium being located right below its twin lanthanide element europium ; it was thus by analogy named after another continent, America: " The name americium ( after the Americas ) and the symbol Am are suggested for the element on the basis of its position as the sixth member of the actinide rare-earth series, analogous to europium, Eu, of the lanthanide series.

' American ' is derived from America, a term originally denoting all of the New World ( also called " the Americas ").

Though Columbus was not the first European explorer to reach the Americas ( having been preceded by the Norse expedition led by Leif Ericson in the 11th century ), Columbus's voyages led to the first lasting European contact with America, inaugurating a period of European exploration and colonization of foreign lands that lasted for several centuries.

Central America () is the central geographic region of the Americas.

Chagas disease is contracted primarily in the Americas, particularly in poor, rural areas of Mexico, Central America, and South America ; very rarely, the disease has been found in the Southern United States.

For 2006, $ 9. 6 billion of revenue came from the Americas ( Canada, Latin America, and the United States ); $ 8 billion from Europe, Middle East, and Africa ; $ 1. 5 billion from Asia-Pacific ; Services ' revenue was: Infrastructure $ 12 billion, Applications Software $ 5. 9 billion, Business Process Outsourcing $ 3 billion and all other $ 421 million.

It became one of the poorest countries in the Americas, while the Dominican Republic gradually has developed into the largest economy of Central America and the Caribbean.

Recent discoveries at Monte Verde in South America, and at Meadowcroft Rock Shelter in Pennsylvania have effectively ended the " clovis first " position of American Archaeology and pushed the arrival of humans in the Americas back many thousands of years.

In its modern usage, the idea that a part of the Americas has affinity with the Romance cultures as a whole can be traced back to the 1830s, in the writing of the French Saint-Simonian Michel Chevalier, who postulated that this part of the Americas was inhabited by people of a " Latin race " and that it could, therefore, ally itself with " Latin Europe " in a struggle with " Teutonic Europe ", " Anglo-Saxon America " and " Slavic Europe ".

With an area of, it is the largest lake in Central America, the 19th largest lake in the world ( by area ) and the 9th largest in the Americas.

The first major slave revolt in the Americas occurred in Santo Domingo during 1522, when slaves led an uprising in the sugar plantation of admiral Don Diego Colón, son of Christopher Columbus.

In another move, which would destroy Hispaniola's sugar industry, in 1561 Havana, more strategically located in relation to the Gulf Stream, was selected as the designated stopping point for the merchant flotas, which had a royal monopoly on commerce with the Americas.

A Groot Desseyn (" grand design ") was devised to seize the Portuguese colonies in Africa and the Americas, so as to dominate the sugar and slave trade.

A great expansion in its production took place in the 18th century with the setting up of sugar plantations in the West Indies and Americas.

Slaves were considered cargo by the ship owners, to be transported to the Americas as quickly and cheaply as possible, there to be sold to labor in coffee, tobacco, cocoa, cotton and sugar plantations, gold and silver mines, rice fields, construction industry, cutting timber for ships, and as house servants.

African slave labor extracted from forcibly transported Africans was used extensively to work on early plantations ( such as cotton and sugar plantations ) in the American colonies and the United States, throughout the Caribbean, the Americas and in European-occupied areas of Africa.

Demonstration of Indigenous peoples of the Americas | Native American technique of making maple sugar

After the Act of Union 1707, Greenock's facilities made it the main port on the West Coast and it prospered due to trade with the Americas, importing sugar from the Caribbean.

Because sugar was yet to come to the Americas, xocolatl was said to be an acquired taste.

Increased German demand for foodstuffs and military supplies as a consequence of military developments in that country, contributed to the economic boom in the Republic, as did successes of the VOC in the Indies and the WIC in the Americas ( where the WIC had gained a foothold in Portuguese Brazil after its 1630 invasion, and now conducted a thriving sugar trade ).

The convoys were general purpose cargo fleets used for transporting a wide variety of items, including agricultural goods, lumber, various metal resources, luxuries, silver, gold, gems, pearls, spices, sugar, tobacco, silk, and other exotic goods from the Spanish Empire in the Americas to Spain.

The first major slave revolt in the Americas occurred in Santo Domingo during 1522, when enslaved Muslims of the Wolof nation led an uprising in the sugar plantation of admiral Don Diego Colon.

Traditional crops were rice ( as early as the Hellenistic period ), cotton and sugar cane ( brought by the Arabs following their conquest in 636 ), sorghum and maize ( brought after the discovery of the Americas ).

Cadiz was the commercial hub for export of French printed fabrics to India ), the Americas and the Antilles ( coffee, sugar, tobacco, American cotton ), and Africa ( the slave trade ), centered in Nantes.

It ended both Indian and African slavery in the mainland of the Americas in the eighteenth century, but in Cuba and Puerto Rico, where sugar cane production was highly profitable based on slave labor, African slavery was not abolished until 1866 and 1873, respectively.