The Duke of Hamilton led an invasion of England to free the King, but he was defeated by Oliver Cromwell in August 1648 at the Battle of Preston.

Part of Mar's army joined up with risings in northern England and southern Scotland, and the Jacobites fought their way into England before being defeated at the Battle of Preston, surrendering on 14 November 1715.

* November 14 – Battle of Preston: Government forces defeat the Jacobite incursion at the conclusion of a five-day siege and action.

However, the royalist fleet that came under Charles's control was not used to any advantage, and did not reach Scotland in time to join up with the royalist Engagers army of the Duke of Hamilton, before it was defeated at the Battle of Preston by the Parliamentarians.

* 1934 USS Preston – destroyer ( Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands-Naval Battle of Guadalcanal )

The second rising of the English Civil War had culminated in the Battle of Preston during August 1648, with the Roundheads marching two hundred and fifty miles in twenty six days through foul weather and conditions, to defeat and ensure the Royalists would never re-form as an army.

It is rumoured that Oliver Cromwell stayed at the Hall during the Battle of Preston in the 17th century and reportedly left his boots behind.

As a volunteer he served in Dormer's regiment at the Battle of Preston in 1715, spent some time on the Continent, and in 1717 entered Parliament for Seaford in Sussex which he represented until 1722.

In 1648 the Royalists and the Covenanters were defeated at the Battle of Preston, and Charles was executed in January 1649.

He distinguished himself at the Battle of Preston, and with his regiment took part in the military occupation of London in December 1648, which was the first step towards bringing King Charles I to trial.

Two battles are known as the Battle of Preston:

* The Battle of Preston ( 1648 ) was a victory for Oliver Cromwell over the Royalists during the English Civil War.

* The Battle of Preston ( 1715 ) was a defeat for the rebels in the Jacobite Rising.

On 17 August 1648, Langdale's force was guarding the road into Preston while the main body of the army crossed the River Ribble, when Cromwell launched an unexpected attack, initiating the three-day running Battle of Preston ( 1648 ).

Other contenders for the title of last English battle include: the Battle of Preston in Lancashire, which was fought on 14 November 1715, during the First Jacobite Rebellion ; and the Second Jacobite Rebellion's minor engagement at Clifton Moor, near Penrith in Cumbria, on 18 December 1745.

Bobbejaanland contains about 50 attractions, such as the Waterslide ( 1980 ), the Giant wheel ( 1976 ), Indiana River ( indoor waterslide, 1991 ), the Revolution ( a dark Rollercoaster, 1989, Now named Evolution ), the Speedy Bob ( roller coaster, 1999 ), the Air Race ( suspended roller coaster, 1987, now named Dreamcatcher ), the longest junior roller coaster in the world, ' Okidoki ' ( i. e. ' that's all right ', 2003 / 04 ), and the world's second Gerstlauer Euro-Fighter roller coaster, " Typhoon " ( 2003 / 04 ), with a drop angle of over 97 °( a roller coaster with a fourfold loop and a free fall ) and the Splash Battle ( 2007 ) made by Preston & Barbieri.

The succession of George I was secured in late 1715 by the defeat of a Jacobite army at the Battle of Preston and the subsequent flight of the Old Pretender.

The Treaty was repudiated by Oliver Cromwell upon returning from defeating the Scots at The Battle of Preston leading to Charles's execution.

The rising, however, was unsuccessful, and Derwentwater was captured and beheaded after the Battle of Preston.

Near the town's All Saints ' Parish Church stands the doorway and site of the seventeenth century Three Half Moons Inn, where the Earl of Derwentwater stayed with his followers in 1715 prior to marching into a heavy defeat at the Battle of Preston.

The Battle of Preston started from Longridge, Cromwell halting there before taking on Monarchist forces from Scotland.

He removed the bar and used it to break through the ceiling into the " Red Room " above the " Castle ", a room which had last been used some seven years before to confine aristocratic Jacobite prisoners after the Battle of Preston.

* First Battle of Guararapes ( 1648 ): Decisive Brazilian victory that helped end Dutch occupation.

* 1648 – The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.

During the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the Battle of Stirling also took place in the centre of Stirling on 12 September 1648.

Fairfax was the great grandson of Thomas Fairfax who led the parliamentarian attack at the nearby Battle of Maidstone in 1648 and whose doublet worn during the battle is on display.

The Battle of Lens ( 20 August 1648 ) was a French victory under Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé against the Spanish army under Archduke Leopold in the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618 – 1648 ).

In 1648, the Jews of Prague were again allowed a flag, in acknowledgment of their part in defending the city against the Swedes in the Battle of Prague ( 1648 ).

In the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618 – 1648 ), he was instrumental as a commander in securing victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld, in 1631.

In the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618 – 1648 ), he commanded troops at the Battle of Grubin, in 1627 and the Battle of Breitenfeld, in 1631.

In the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618 – 1648 ) he commanded troops at the Battle of Breitenfeld ( First Battle of Leipzig ), in 1642.

In the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618 – 1648 ), he commanded troops at the Battle of Oldendorf, in 1633.

Argyll, after a narrow escape from a surprise attack at the Battle of Stirling in September 1648, joined the Whiggamores, a body of Covenanters at Edinburgh ; and, supported by John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun and Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven, he established a new government, which welcomed Oliver Cromwell on his arrival there on 4 October 1648.

Zrínyi's most significant work, the epic Szigeti veszedelem (" Peril of Sziget ", written in 1648 / 49 ) is written in a fashion similar to The Iliad, and recounts the heroic Battle of Szigetvár, where his great-grandfather died while defending the castle of Szigetvár.

* 1650 – Third English Civil War: in the Battle of Dunbar, English Parliamentarian forces led by Oliver Cromwell defeat an army loyal to King Charles II of England and led by David Leslie, Lord Newark.

* July 10 – English Civil War – Battle of Langport: Cromwell wins in Somerset.

Cromwell defeated Charles at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651, and Charles fled to mainland Europe.

On 3 September 1650, the Covenanters were defeated at the Battle of Dunbar by a much smaller force led by Oliver Cromwell.

That same year Oliver Cromwell came to Perth following his victory in the Battle of Dunbar and established a fortified citadel on the South Inch, one of five occupation forts built to control Scotland.

An ordinance of Cromwell required all foreign fleets in the North Sea or the Channel to dip their flag in salute, reviving an ancient right the English had long insisted on, but when Tromp was tardy to comply, Blake opened fire, starting the brief Battle of Goodwin Sands.

Lilburne entirely routed a Lancashire detachment of the enemy on their way to join the main Royalist army at the Battle of Wigan Lane on 25 August and as affairs turned out Cromwell merely shifted the area of his concentration two marches to the south-west, to Evesham.

The delay allowed Cromwell to launch his attack on 3 September one year to the day since his victory at the Battle of Dunbar.

The second Battle of Dunbar ( 1650 ) was fought during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms between a Scottish Covenanter army and English Parliamentarians led by Oliver Cromwell.

After the Battle of the Severn, Baltimore lost control of the colony for a brief period due to Puritan pressure during the rule of Oliver Cromwell.

In Harborough, the King decided to confront Parliamentary forces who were camped near Naseby but the Battle of Naseby proved a decisive victory for Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell.

He was made deputy-governor of the Isle of Ely by Cromwell and served under Manchester in the Yorkshire campaign and at the second Battle of Newbury, afterwards supporting Cromwell in his accusations of incompetency against the general.

Later in 1642, Charles stayed in Southam before the Battle of Edgehill, and in 1645, Oliver Cromwell stayed in the town along with 7, 000 Roundhead troops.

The war eventually concluded soon after Turenne's victory at the Battle of the Dunes near Dunkirk in 1658, in which a corps of English veterans sent by France's ally Oliver Cromwell played a notable part ( 3 – 14 June ); a victory which, followed by another successful campaign in 1658, led to the peace of the Pyrenees in 1659.

Banbury played an important part in the English Civil War as a base of operations for Oliver Cromwell, who is reputed to have planned the Battle of Edge Hill in the back room ( which can still be visited ) of a local inn, The Reindeer as it was then known ( today's Ye Olde Reine Deer Inn ).

He commanded an infantry brigade under Cromwell at the Battle of Dunbar ( 1650 ) and at the Battle of Worcester ( 1651 ).

At the Battle of Marston Moor, Goring commanded the Royalist left, and charged with great success, but, allowing his troopers to disperse in search of plunder, was routed by Oliver Cromwell at the close of the battle.