Many new political parties formed in anticipation of running candidates in the Egyptian parliamentary election, 2011 – 2012.

Victims of their campaign against the Egyptian state in the 1990s included the head of the counter-terrorism police ( Major General Raouf Khayrat ), a parliamentary speaker ( Rifaat al-Mahgoub ), dozens of European tourists and Egyptian bystanders, and over 100 Egyptian police.

Following the 2011 Egyptian revolution, on 13 June 2011 the Wafd Party announced its alliance ( the National Democratic Alliance for Egypt ) with the Freedom and Justice Party, the political wing of the Islamist Muslim Brotherhood, to present a joint list of candidates for the 2011 parliamentary election.

It began in October 1994 when The Guardian newspaper alleged that London's most successful parliamentary lobbyist, Ian Greer of Ian Greer Associates, had bribed two Conservative Members of Parliament in exchange for asking parliamentary questions, and other tasks, on behalf of the Egyptian owner of Harrods department store, Mohamed Al-Fayed.

Victims included Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, head of the counter-terrorism police Major General Raouf Khayrat, parliamentary speaker Rifaat el-Mahgoub, dozens of European tourists and Egyptian bystanders, and over one hundred Egyptian police.

* The third and final stage of the Egyptian parliamentary election, 2000, ends in victory for the ruling National Democratic Party.

According to the constitution, the Egyptian president's powers are equivalent to those of the prime minister in parliamentary systems and to the president of the French Fifth Republic.

Since 1866, Egypt witnessed seven parliamentary systems whose legislative and oversight competences varied and reflected the history of the Egyptian people's struggle to establish a society based on democracy and freedom.

* Egyptian parliamentary election, 2011 – 2012

The official El-Ghad Party, headed by Moussa Moustafa Moussa, was running the Egyptian parliamentary election, 2011 – 2012 as an independent list.

Complacent in its dominant parliamentary position, the Wafd did not pursue innovative methods of youth organization until at least the mid-1930s, leaving it hopelessly behind future competitors such as the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, which had employed a far more effective local-franchising system since its inception in 1928.

A book detailing the record of the MB deputies in the 2000-2005 Egyptian parliament ( The Brothers in the 2000-2005 Parliament ) found its parliamentary leader Hamdy Hassan working vigorously to fight cultural expression the Brotherhood felt was unIslamic and blasphemous, from literature to beauty contests.

In 30 April 2011, it launched a new party called the Freedom and Justice Party, which reportedly plans to " contest up to half the seats " in the Egyptian parliamentary election scheduled for September 2011.

In 1867, Namik Kemal and other Young Ottomans published the open letter of a disgruntled Egyptian prince Mustafa Fazl Pasha to the Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz, advocating constitutional and parliamentary governance.

In the 2011-2012 Egyptian parliamentary election, the party ran in the Egyptian Bloc electoral alliance.

However, the Egyptian presidential election, 2012 occurred without a new constitution.

Until the election of Morsi in June 2012, prior Egyptian presidents had all been former military officers, and during the Yom Kippur War the President played a major role at all levels of the planning of the war, and was in a literal sense Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces giving direct orders to the commanders from the headquarters during the war as field marshal of the army, colonel general of the air force and air defence forces and admiral of the navy.

Taking advantage of the sickness of Gregory, and supported by some Egyptian ecclesiastics, sent by Peter II, Patriarch of Alexandria, under whose directions they professed to act, Maximus was ordained, during the night, Patriarch of Constantinople, in the place of Gregory, whose election had not been perfectly canonical.

On June 30, 2012 incumbent Mohamed Morsi was sworn in as President of Egypt, having won the 2012 Egyptian presidential election on June 24.

Since his election, El-Badawi has met with many prominent figures in Egyptian life, ranging from politicians, current members of parliament, Muslim and Coptic religious figures and even actors, actresses and football players.

* In the 2012 Egyptian presidential election the two candidates who qualified for the runoff election, Freedom and Justice Party candidate Mohamed Morsi ( 24. 8 %) and Independent candidate Ahmed Shafik ( 23. 7 %), each received more votes than any other candidate, but they failed to get enough votes to prove that each winning candidate was actually more popular than the Dignity Party candidate Hamdeen Sabahi ( 20. 7 %), Independent candidate Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh ( 17. 5 %), or Independent candidate Amr Moussa ( 11. 1 %).

Ford's ideal work has great charm and daintiness ; his statue Folly ( 1886 ) was bought by the trustees of the Chantrey Fund, and was followed by other statues or statuettes of a similar order: Peace ( 1890 ), which secured his election as an associate of the Royal Academy, Echo ( 1895 ), on which he was elected full member, The Egyptian Singer ( also known as The Singer ) ( 1889 ), Applause ( 1893 ), Glory to the Dead ( 1901 ) and Snowdrift ( exhibited posthumously, 1902 ).

As the 2011 Egyptian revolution unfolded, newly appointed vice-president Omar Suleiman met a major public concern when he announced on 3 February 2011 that Gamal Mubarak would not seek election.

Egyptian rights groups have called on the results to be annulled, and Amnesty International has said that at least eight people had died in election related violence.

After facing president Hosni Mubarak in the Egyptian presidential election, 2005, Nour was sentenced to five years in jail on forgery charges.

The removal of Nour from the party leadership by Moussa, and the latter's election to the Egyptian Upper House, have been seen as compliances with the Hosni Mubarak regime.

The Egyptian presidential election of 2005, held on September 7, 2005, was the first allegedly contested presidential election in Egypt's history.

* Egyptian presidential election, 2012

* Al-Jazeera: Egyptian judges to supervise election

* CTV. ca Egyptian opposition denounces results of election

# redirect Egyptian presidential election, 2005

A protester holding an Egyptian flag during the protests that started on 25 January 2011

Cairo's Tahrir Square was the focal point of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution against former president Hosni Mubarak.

In Tahrir Square, Cairo, on Wednesday 2 February 2011, Coptic Christians joined hands to provide a protective cordon around their Muslim neighbors during salah ( prayers ) in the midst of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution.

According to the Peterson Institute for International Economics and other proponents of demographic structural approach ( cliodynamics ), the basic problem Egypt has is unemployment driven by a demographic youth bulge: with the number of new people entering the job force at about 4 % a year, unemployment in Egypt is almost 10 times as high for college graduates as it is for people who have gone through elementary school, particularly educated urban youth, who are precisely those people that were seen out in the streets during 2011 Egyptian revolution.

Following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, and the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak, executive power was assumed by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, which dissolved the parliament, and suspended the constitution.

Prime Minister Ahmed Shafik was sworn in as Prime Minister on January 29, 2011, in response to the 2011 Egyptian revolution ; he was succeeded on 5 March by Essam Sharaf, in response to continued protests.

The Egyptian Revolution of 2011, inspired by the recent revolution in Tunisia, forced the resignation of President Mubarak and the Military Junta that succeeded him abrogated the Constitution and promised free and fair elections under a new one.

On January 27, 2011, almost all internet connectivity to Egypt was shut off by the Egyptian government.

Senior members of the military can convene for the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, so during the course of the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, when Mubarak resigned and transferred power to this body on February 11, 2011.

2011 The Egyptian Lover is working on a new Album entitled " 1984 "

* 2011 – The first wave of the Egyptian revolution culminates in the resignation of Hosni Mubarak and the transfer of power to the Supreme Military Council after 18 days of protests.

* 2011 – The first wave of the Egyptian revolution begins in Egypt, with a series of street demonstrations, marches, rallies, acts of civil disobedience, riots, labour strikes, and violent clashes in Cairo, Alexandria, and throughout other cities in Egypt.

* 2012 – Former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak is sentenced to life imprisonment for his role in the killing of demonstrators during the 2011 Egyptian revolution.

Category: 2011 – 2012 Egyptian revolution

Since the 2011 Egyptian Revolution unrest has become more prevalent in the area including the 2012 Egyptian-Israeli border attack in which 16 Egyptian soldiers were killed by militants.

The 2011 Yemeni protests followed the initial stages of the Arab Spring and began simultaneously with the Egyptian Revolution.

* The names of Hosni Mubarak and his wife Suzanne were erased from all Egyptian monuments after they were deposed in 2011.

On 19 March 2011 a constitutional referendum was held in Egypt, following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.