[permalink] [id link]
In the ITER tokamak, it is expected that the occurrence of a limited number of major disruptions will definitively damage the chamber with no possibility to restore the device .< ref > Wurden, G., ( 2011 ) International Workshop " MFE Roadmapping in the ITER Era ", Princeton < http :// advprojects. pppl. gov / Roadmapping / presentations / MFE_POSTERS / WURDEN_Disruption_RiskPOSTER. pdf ></ ref >< ref > Baylor, L. R .; Combs, S. K .; Foust, C. R .; Jernigan, T. C.
from
Wikipedia
Some Related Sentences
ITER and tokamak
Its main purpose is to open the way to future nuclear fusion experimental tokamak reactors such as ITER and: DEMO.
In October 2009, a 15-month shutdown period was started, and improvements were made to the tokamak, including replacing carbon components in the vacuum vessel with tungsten and beryllium ones, to bring JET's components more in line with those planned for ITER.
ITER ( originally an acronym of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor ) is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering project, which is currently building the world's largest and most advanced experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor at the Cadarache facility in the south of France.
A 500-MW heat generating fusion plant using tokamak magnetic confinement geometry is currently being built in France ( see ITER ).
MAST uses the same innovative spherical tokamak design as START, which has shown itself to be more efficient than the conventional toroidal design, adopted by JET and ITER.
One of the most notable nuclear installations at Cadarache is the ITER experimental nuclear fusion tokamak, which is expected to be completed by 2018.
Other nuclear installations at Cadarache include the Tore Supra tokamak – a predecessor to ITER – and the Jules Horowitz Reactor, a 100-megawatt research reactor which is planned for completion in 2015.
ITER and is
A frontier in current research at various institutions, for example the Joint European Torus ( JET ) and ITER, is the development of an economically viable method of using energy from a controlled fusion reaction.
Two projects, the National Ignition Facility and ITER are in the process of reaching breakeven, that is, producing as much energy as was required to ignite the reaction, after 60 years of design improvements developed from previous experiments.
The ITER project is currently leading the effort to commercialize fusion power.
This device where a large toroidal current is established ( 15 Mega-amps in ITER ) suffers from a fundamental problem of stability.
* The first plasma operation of the nuclear fusion reactor ITER is expected.
ITER is designed to produce ten times more fusion power than the power put into the plasma.
ITER is currently under construction in Cadarache, France.
* 2003-Cadarache in France is selected as the European Candidate Site for ITER.
Its major project is currently its participation in the international fusion reactor ITER financed under the nuclear part of FP7.
A “ Remote Handling ” system is, in general, an essential tool for any subsequent fusion power plant and especially for the future experimental reactor, ITER.
The EU, as host party for the ITER complex, is contributing 45 % of the cost, with the other six parties contributing 9 % each.
The first commercial demonstration fusion power plant, named DEMO, is proposed to follow on from the ITER project to bring fusion energy to the commercial market.
ITER is designed to produce approximately 500 MW of fusion power sustained for up to 1, 000 seconds ( compared to JET's peak of 16 MW for less than a second ) by the fusion of about 0. 5 g of deuterium / tritium mixture in its approximately 840 m < sup > 3 </ sup > reactor chamber.
Although ITER is expected to produce ( in the form of heat ) 10 times more energy than the amount consumed to heat up the plasma to fusion temperatures, the generated heat will not be used to generate any electricity.
The experimental ITER ( International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor ) power station will be built at Cadarache in the South of France and is the result of an international collaboration involving the European Union ( represented by EURATOM ), Japan, the People's Republic of China, India, the Republic of Korea, the Russia and the United States.
At Cadarache an experimental nuclear fusion reactor, ITER, is under construction.
The present state of the art in fusion research is for example, the $ 12 billion ITER multinational project, which uses a tokamak-like configuration to reach and maintain the high temperatures and plasma densities needed for fusion ( Lawson criterion, 1957 ).
Construction of the ITER complex began in 2007, and is projected for completion in 2018.
ITER and expected
ITER was originally expected to cost approximately € 5billion, but the rising price of raw materials and changes to the initial design have seen that amount more than triple to € 16billion.
DEMO ( DEMOnstration Power Plant ) is a proposed nuclear fusion power plant that is intended to build upon the expected success of the ITER experimental nuclear fusion reactor.
ITER and number
A small number of large scale nuclear fusion systems also exist including the National Ignition Facility in the USA, JET in the UK, and soon the recently started ITER experiment in France.
ITER and major
For most of 2004, JET was shut down for a series of major upgrades, increasing its total available heating power to over 40 MW, enabling further studies relevant to the development of ITER to be undertaken.
However it did produce major advances in confinement time and energy density, which ultimately contributed to the knowledge base necessary to build ITER.
ITER and will
* ITER, an international scientific experiment ( the 2nd largest in world history ) in developing nuclear fusion as an energy source will begin its first plasma experiments.
When ITER becomes operational, it will become the largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment in use, surpassing the Joint European Torus.
On 28 June 2005, it was officially announced that ITER will be built in the European Union in Southern France.
Other lower field ITER magnets ( PF and CC ) will use niobium-titanium.
Most of the ITER magnets will have their field varied many times per hour.
Experimental results obtained by the reactor will no doubt be of great importance to the ITER experiment.
From 1996 to 1998 a series of upgrades were made, in order to conduct research preliminarily for the design work on ITER, which will also use superconducting magnets.
* Countries backing the ITER fusion reactor meet in Moscow and decide that the experimental fusion reactor will be built in Cadarache, Southern France.
* 28 June-Official announcement that ITER will be built in Cadarache, Southern France.
While fusion reactors like ITER and DEMO will not produce transuranic wastes, some of the components of the ITER and DEMO reactors will become radioactive due to neutrons impinging upon them.
The process of manufacturing tritium currently produces long-lived waste, but both ITER and DEMO will produce their own tritium, dispensing with the fission reactor currently used for this purpose.
0.197 seconds.