A number of other European languages have cognate words that were borrowed from the Germanic languages during the Middle Ages, including brog in Irish, bwr or bwrc, meaning " wall, rampart " in Welsh, bourg in French, burg in Catalan ( in Catalonia there is a town named Burg ), borgo in Italian, and burgo in Spanish ( hence the place-name Burgos ).

**** Middle Irish

The harp emblem is used on official state seals and documents including the Irish passport and has appeared on Irish coinage from the Middle Ages to the current Irish imprints of Euro coins.

During the early Middle Ages, 700 – 900 AD, many Irish religious figures went abroad to preach and found monasteries in what is known as the Hiberno-Scottish mission.

Lug possessed a number of magical items, retrieved by the sons of Tuirill Piccreo in Middle Irish redactions of the Lebor Gabála.

* Irish Harp: Also called the Clàrsach in Scottish Gaelic, or the Cláirseach in Irish, during the Middle Ages it was the most popular instrument of Ireland and Scotland.

Tellingly, the Middle Irish < i > Coir Anmann </ i > ( The Fitness of Names ) paints a less clownish picture: " He was a beautiful god of the heathens, for the Tuatha Dé Danann worshipped him: for he was an earth-god to them because of the greatness of his ( magical ) power.

The word " Tory " derives from the Middle Irish word tóraidhe ; modern Irish tóraí: outlaw, robber or brigand, from the Irish word tóir, meaning " pursuit ", since outlaws were " pursued men ".

The name Gaul is sometimes erroneously linked to the ethnic name Gael, which is derived from Old Irish Goidel ( borrowed, in turn, in the 7th century AD from Primitive Welsh Guoidel-spelled Gwyddel in Middle Welsh and Modern Welsh-likely derived from a Brittonic root * Wēdelos meaning literally " forest person, wild man "); the names are, thus, unrelated.

In the early Middle Ages peoples of northern Europe were playing the instrument as seen in 3rd-century British bone flutes, and Irish Brehon Law describes flute like instrument.

Irish euro coins all share the same design by Jarlath Hayes, that of the harp, a traditional symbol for Ireland since the Middle Ages, based on that of the Brian Boru harp, housed in Trinity College, Dublin.

According to the Middle Irish language synthetic history Lebor Gabála Érenn she was the daughter of Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt.

The Pale ( red ) in 1450The Pale ( An Pháil in Irish ) or the English Pale ( An Pháil Shasanach ), was the part of Ireland that was directly under the control of the English government in the late Middle Ages.

One theory suggests that those monks were members of a Hiberno-Scottish mission, i. e. Irish and Scottish monks who spread Christianity during the Middle Ages.

), son of Fedlimid Rechtmar, was, according to medieval Irish legendary and annalistic sources, a High King of Ireland, and the ancestor of the Connachta, and, through his descendant Niall Noígiallach, the Uí Néill dynasties, which dominated Ireland in the early Middle Ages, and their descendants.

In Irish mythology, Óengus ( Old Irish ), Áengus ( Middle Irish ), or Aengus or Aonghus ( Modern Irish ), is a member of the Tuatha Dé Danann and probably a god of love, youth and poetic inspiration.

Agnostida is an order of arthropod which first developed near the end of the Early Cambrian period and thrived during the Middle Cambrian.

During the Akkadian period, the Akkadian language became the lingua franca of the Middle East, and was officially used for administration, although the Sumerian language remained as a spoken and literary language.

In the high Middle Ages — and well into the early modern period — few intellectuals, if any, questioned the basic assumptions of astrology: humans live within a web of celestial influences that affect our bodies, and thereby motivate us to behave in certain ways.

Alexis (, c. 394 BC – c. 288 BC ) was a Greek comic poet of the Middle Comedy period.

The buildings in the old city originate, on the whole, from building projects during the 16th century, when nearly all the Middle Age period buildings were replaced or expanded.

For much of artillery's history during the Middle Ages and the Early modern period, artillery pieces on land were moved with the assistance of horse teams.

The Cyclades converge with the mainland during the Early Helladic (" Minyan ") period and with Crete in the Middle Minoan period.

Later during the Middle Eocene a rifting period affected the area and caused formation of the Rhine graben.

These pieces are representative of Beethoven's " Middle " stylistic period, which went from roughly 1803 to 1812, and which included many of his most famous works.

In the Middle Bulgarian period this name was gradually replaced by the name языкъ блъгарьскъ, the " Bulgarian language ".

In some cases, the name языкъ блъгарьскъ was used not only with regard to the contemporary Middle Bulgarian language of the copyist but also to the period of Old Bulgarian.

During the Middle Bulgarian period, the language underwent dramatic changes, losing the Slavonic case system, but preserving the rich verb system ( while the development was exactly the opposite in other Slavic languages ) and developing a definite article.

Sir John Evelyn Shuckburgh of the new Middle East department of the Foreign Office discovered that the correspondence prior to the declaration was not available in the Colonial Office, ' although Foreign Office papers were understood to have been lengthy and to have covered a considerable period '.

The conquests of Cambodia by Naresuan the Great for Ayutthaya furthered the political and economic isolation from Cambodia proper leading to a dialect that developed relatively independently from the midpoint of the Middle Khmer period.

The language of this transition period, from about the 14th to 18th centuries, is referred to as Middle Khmer and saw borrowing from Thai, Lao and, to a lesser extent, Vietnamese.

Some years after their arrival, the Nephites met with a similar group, the Mulekites who left the Middle East during the same period.

It was during this period, the Middle Ages, that cannon became standardized, and more effective in both the anti-infantry and siege roles.

He did not include this transitional period in the tripartite system of Early, Middle and Late Bronze Age but placed it at the beginning outside of it.

The Old English language, current until approximately sometime after the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, had a dative case ; however, the English case system gradually fell into disuse during the Middle English period, when in pronouns the accusative and dative merged into a single oblique case that was also used for all prepositions.

During the XII and XIII centuries many encyclopedic works have been written. Among them De proprietatibus rerum by Bartholomeus Anglicus ' ( 1240 ) was the most widely read and quoted encyclopedia in the High Middle Ages while Vincent of Beauvais's Speculum Majus ( 1260 ) was the most ambitious encyclopedia in the late-medieval period at over 3 million words.

The term tennō was used by the emperors up until the Middle Ages ; then, following a period of disuse, it was used again from the 19th century.

This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon ( Middle Low German ) during the period of German rule, and High German ( including standard German ).

Between 400, 000 years ago and the second interglacial period in the Middle Pleistocene, around 250, 000 years ago, the trend in skull expansion and the elaboration of stone tool technologies developed, providing evidence for a transition from H. erectus to H. sapiens.

The word flute first entered the English language during the Middle English period, as floute ,, or else flowte, flo ( y ) te, possibly from Old French flaute and from Old Provençal flaüt, or else from Old French fleüte, flaüte, flahute via Middle High German floite or Danish fluit.

I was having lunch not long ago ( apologies to N. V. Peale ) with three distinguished historians ( one specializing in the European Middle Ages, one in American history, and one in the Far East ), and I asked them if they could name instances where the general mores had been radically changed with `` deliberate speed, majestic instancy '' ( Francis Thompson's words for the Hound Of Heaven's Pursuit ) by judicial fiat.

Sitting at an important geostrategic location that connects the Middle East culture with Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ,< ref name = BBC-country-profile >

Another Semitic etymology compares Assyrian barīrītu, the name of a female demon found in Middle Babylonian and Late Babylonian texts.

As an English name, it has been in use since the Middle Ages, though it was not popular until modern times.

From the early Middle Ages until after the Second Vatican Council the sacrament was administered, within the Latin Church, only when death was approaching and, in practice, bodily recovery was not ordinarily looked for, giving rise, as mentioned above to the name " Extreme Unction " ( i. e. final anointing ).

In the Middle Ages the sea was known by variety of names, the name Baltic Sea started to dominate only after 16th century.

Until his return from Mexico in 1930 Whorf had been entirely an autodidact in linguistic theory and field methodology, yet he had already made a name for himself in Middle American linguistics.

In the Middle Ages it was considered important to settle on a suitable name for a battle which could be used by the chroniclers.

Barcino Nova is the town's Latin name meaning " new Barcelona "; Barcino was the Roman name for Barcelona in Spain from its foundation by Emperor Augustus in 10 BC, and it was only changed to Barcelona in the Middle Ages.

The brown bear is sometimes referred to as the bruin, from Middle English, based on the name of the bear in History of Reynard the Fox, translated by William Caxton, from Middle Dutch bruun or bruyn, meaning brown ( the color ).

From the 19th century and much of the late 20th century, " Boadicea " was the most common version of the name, which is probably derived from a mistranscription when a manuscript of Tacitus was copied in the Middle Ages.

The name " Bohemia " derives from the Latin term for the Celtic tribe inhabiting that area, the Boii, who were called Boiohaemum in the early Middle Ages.

This branch of Christianity bears the name of the French reformer John Calvin ( also known as Jean Cauvin in Middle French ), because of his noticeable influence and because of his role in the confessional and ecclesiastical debates that happened throughout the 16th century.

The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is the official name for the largest Christian church in Egypt and the Middle East.

As the French colony of Middle Congo ( Moyen Congo ) also chose the name Republic of Congo upon receiving its independence, the two countries were more commonly known as Congo-Léopoldville and Congo-Brazzaville, after their capital cities.

The name " epsilon " (, " simple e ") was coined in the Middle Ages to distinguish the letter from the digraph αι, a former diphthong that had come to be pronounced the same as epsilon.

* Lingua Franca or Sabir, the original of the name, a Romance-based pidgin language of mixed origins used by maritime commercial interests around the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages and early Modern Age.

In many cultures ( particularly in European and European influenced cultures in the Americas, Oceania, etc., as well as the Middle East, South Asia, and most African cultures ), the family name is normally the last part of a person's name.

Middle names may be inherited, follow naming customs, or be treated as part of the family name.