is the devi feminine of an adjective ( which occurs in the Rigveda as the name of the keeper of the celestial waters ), derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian * ( and earlier, PIE ), meaning ‘ marshy, full of pools ’.

The theonym Shiva originates as an epithet of Rudra, the adjective shiva " kind " being used euphemistically of the god who in the Rigveda also carries the epithet ghora " terrible ".

is the female form of the adjective, meaning " quick, fleet, nimble ", used for rivers and wind in the Rigveda ( compare also Sarayu ).

The pre-Classical form of Sanskrit is known as Vedic Sanskrit, with the language of the Rigveda being the oldest and most archaic stage preserved, its oldest core dating back to as early as 1500 BCE.

In the Rigveda, the name Sarasvati already does not always relate to a river and its personification exclusively ; in some places, the goddess Saraswati is abstracted from the river.

The Avesta extols the Helmand in similar terms to those used in the Rigveda with respect to the Sarasvati: " the bountiful, glorious Haetumant swelling its white waves rolling down its copious flood ".

It is frequently mentioned in the Rigveda, whose Soma Mandala contains 114 hymns, many praising its energizing qualities.

The Samaveda was derived from the Rigveda so that its hymns could be sung as Samagana.

Specifically, the Rigveda describes the victory of the Bharatas over Vishvamitra's Puru regiment and its Nuristani, Pashtun, Balochi, Kashmiri, and Bhrigus allies.

He composed glosses on forty hymns of the Rigveda, opening up for the first time its vista of spiritual significance.

Rigveda has dozens of references to words derived from ' tapas ' which indicate that " suffering, austerity " was its meaning from the Rigvedic times.

It is the most prevalent meter of the Rigveda, accounting for roughly 40 % of its verses.

Such remnants of IVC culture are not prominent in the Rigveda, with its focus on chariot warfare and nomadic pastoralism in stark contrast with an urban civilization.

The term in the generic meaning of " made ready, prepared, completed, finished " is found in the Rigveda.

In the Marut Suktas ( RV 1, 2, 5, 8 ) and Indra-Suktas ( RV 1, 3, 8, 10 ) of the Rigveda ( RV ), the epithet " Rudras " – originating from the verb root rud or ru and meaning howlers, roarers or shouters – is used numerous times for the Maruts – identifying them with the Rudras even when associated with Indra, rather than Rudra.

YAV is not having any concrete meaning in Rigveda.

Tvac " skin " does, however, also take a secondary, more general meaning of " surface, cover " in the Rigveda, in particular referring to the Earth's surface.

Dicing is mentioned as an Indian game in the Rigveda, Atharvaveda and Buddha games list ; it also plays a critical role in the great Hindu epic Mahabharata, where Yudhisthira plays a game of dice against the Kauravas for the northern kingdom of Hastinapura, which becomes the trigger for a war.

For instance, in the Rigveda there is a list of women rishis.

Ushas is the main goddess of the Rigveda.

A prime example of the monistic aspects of the late Rigveda is the Nasadiya sukta, a hymn describing creation: " That One breathed by itself without breath, other than it there has been nothing.

The word " Kubhā " is mentioned in Rigveda and the Avesta and appears to refer to the Kabul River.

Monism is found in the Nasadiya Sukta of the Rigveda, which speaks of the One being-non-being that ' breathed without breath '.

The earliest documented use of the word Tantra is in the Hindu text, the Rigveda ( X. 71. 9 ).

The Sarasvati River is mentioned in all but the fourth book of the Rigveda.

* The Sarasvati is praised lavishly in the Rigveda as the best of all the rivers: e. g. in RV 2. 41. 16 she is called ámbitame nádītame dévitame sárasvati, " best mother, best river, best goddess ".

The Sarasvati is mentioned in 13 hymns of the late books ( 1 and 10 ) of the Rigveda.

The earliest surviving description of mead is in the hymns of the Rigveda, one of the sacred books of the historical Vedic religion and ( later ) Hinduism dated around 1700 – 1100 BC.

Already in the oldest Indian text, the Rigveda, (" speech ") is deified.

If the name has an Indo-European etymology, it is possibly a suffixed form of a root * wel-" to turn, roll ", or of * sel-" to flow, run ".< ref > The American Heritage Dictionary, " Indo-European roots: wel < sup > ₂ </ sup >"</ ref > The latter possibility would allow comparison to the Vedic Sanskrit Saraṇyū, a character who is abducted in Rigveda 10. 17. 2.

The earliest recorded mention is the warrior queen Vishpala in the Rigveda.

The Indo-Aryan superstrate in Mitanni is of similar age as the Rigveda ( and almost identical to it ), but the only evidence is a number of loanwords.

A goddess Dānu is attested in the Rigveda, and also the river names Danube (), Dniestr, Dniepr and Don derive from the name.

This speculation ( also paralleled in Philip K. Dick's posthumously published The Transmigration of Timothy Archer ) is supported in a wider cultural context when compared with the praise of Haoma in the Rigveda, Mexican praise of teonanácatl, the peyote sacrament of the Native American Church, and the Holy Ayahuasca used in the ritual of the União do Vegetal and Santo Daime.

She is mentioned nearly 80 times in the Rigveda: the verse " Daksha sprang from Aditi and Aditi from Daksha " is seen by Theosophists as a reference to " the eternal cyclic re-birth of the same divine Essence " and divine wisdom.

The slaying of Vrtra by Indra in the Rigveda also belongs in this category.

In the Indo-Iranian tradition, the Rigveda exhibits notions of monism, in particular in the comparatively late tenth book, also dated to the early Iron Age, e. g. in the Nasadiya sukta.

This mirrors the portrayal of Ratri ( night ) in the Rigveda, where she works in close cooperation but also tension with her sister Ushas ( dawn ).

Savitr disappeared as an independent deity from the Hindu pantheon after the end of the Vedic period, but in modern Hinduism, his name occurs in the well-known Gayatri mantra ( taken from book three of the Rigveda ), which is also known as Savitri because of this.

As a feminine noun, svāhā in the Rigveda may also mean " oblation " ( to Agni or Indra ), and as oblation personified, Svāhā is a minor goddess, and the wife of Agni.

The Rigveda also mentions an eclipse causing demon, Svarbhānu, however the specific term of " graha " becomes applied to Svarbhānu in the later Mahabharata and Ramayana ..

He is also credited as the author of most of Mandala 3 of the Rigveda, including the Gayatri Mantra.

The Vedas, which form the foundation of Hinduism for many, do not refer explicitly to homosexuality, but Rigveda says Vikruti Evam Prakriti ( perversity / diversity is what nature is all about, or, what seems un-natural is also natural ), which some scholars believe recognizes the cyclical constancy of homosexual / transsexual dimensions of human life, like all forms of universal diversities.

In his view king Manium of Magan who, according to Poebel, was also known as Mannu, was the famed Manu, the first sacrificer in the Indian sacred text Rigveda.

The Vitasta (, fem., also, Vetastā ) is mentioned as one of the major rivers by the holy scriptures of the Indo-Aryans — the Rigveda.

The division of the circle into 360 parts also occurred in ancient India, as evidenced in the Rigveda:

The dawn goddess was also the goddess of spring, involved in the mythology of the Indo-European new year, where the dawn goddess is liberated from imprisonment by a god ( reflected in the Rigveda as Indra, in Greek mythology as Dionysus and Cronus ).

Among these is * wenos-( also an s-stem ), whence Sanskrit vanas " loveliness ; desire ", used of Uṣas in the Rigveda, and the Latin name Venus and the Norse Vanir.

Doniger's Rigveda, a translation of 108 hymns selected from the canon, was deemed among the most reliable by historian of religion Ioan P. Culianu She has also been called " one of the most distinguished mythologists of our time " by Sudhir Kakar.

The name of Brihadratha is also found in the Rigveda ( I. 36. 18, X. 49. 6 ).

The liturgical text is in chapters 11 to 18 of the White Yajurveda ; the corresponding exposition of the ritual is in Books 6 to 9 of the Shatapatha Brahmana. A total of 29 sastra's and stuti's from Rigveda and Samaveda are also recited in entire Agnicayana rite.

Rigveda, one of the four canonical sacred texts of Hinduism says Vikriti Evam Prakriti ( Sanskrit: व ि क ृ त िः एवम ्‌ प ् रक ृ त िः ।) ( what seems un-natural is also natural ), which some scholars believe recognises the cyclical constancy of homosexual / transsexual dimensions of human life, like all forms of universal diversities.

The history of the Kurukshetra War is also traced to the Battle of the Ten Kings mentioned in Rigveda.