The text explicitly describes Abigail as " intelligent and beautiful " ( 1 Samuel 25: 3, NIV, also in the JPS Tanakh ).

The disputed books, included in one canon but not in others, are often called the Biblical apocrypha, a term that is sometimes used specifically ( and possibly pejoratively in English ) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canons that are absent from the Jewish Masoretic Text ( also called the Tanakh or Miqra ) and most modern Protestant Bibles.

All contemporary Jewish movements consider the Tanakh, and the Oral Torah in the form of the Mishnah and Talmuds as sacred, although movements are divided as to claims concerning their divine revelation, and also their authority.

A monotheistic religion originating in the Hebrew Bible ( also known as the Tanakh ) and explored in later texts such as the Talmud, Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God established with the Children of Israel.

There is also a tradition that Ezra the scribe dictated from memory not only the 24 books of the Tanakh but 60 esoteric books.

The Tanakh (, or ; also Tenakh, Tenak, Tanach ) is a name used in Judaism for the canon of the Hebrew Bible.

The Tanakh is also known as the Masoretic Text or the Miqra.

Each of the seventy Tikunim of Tikunei haZohar begins by explaining the word " Bereishit " ( בראשית ), and continues by explaining other verses, mainly in parashat Bereishit, and also from the rest of Tanakh.

The Bible refers to Leviathan and Rahab, from the Hebrew Tanakh, although ' great creatures of the sea ' ( NIV ) are also mentioned in Book of Genesis 1: 21.

The word is an acronym formed from the initial Hebrew letters of the three traditional subdivisions of the Tanakh: The Torah (" Teaching ", also known as the Five Books of Moses or Pentateuch ), the Nevi ' im (" Prophets ") and the Ketuvim (" Writings ").

In Judaism, the term " Torah " refers not only to the Five Books of Moses, but also to all of the Jewish scriptures ( the whole of Tanakh ), and the ethical and moral instructions of the rabbis ( the Oral Torah ).

' () The Tanakh also implies that the Ammonites offered child sacrifices to Moloch.

In general, essential doctrines of Messianic Judaism include views on God ( that he is omnipotent, omnipresent, eternal, outside creation, infinitely significant and benevolent — viewpoints on the Trinity vary ), Jesus ( who is believed to be the Jewish Messiah, though views on his divinity vary ), written Torah ( with a few exceptions, Messianic Jews believe that Jesus taught and reaffirmed the Torah and that it remains fully in force ), Israel ( the Children of Israel are central to God's plan ; replacement theology is opposed ), the Bible ( Tanakh and the New Testament are usually considered the divinely inspired Scripture, though Messianic Judaism is more open to criticism of the New Testament canon than is Christianity ), eschatology ( sometimes similar to many evangelical Christian views ), and oral law ( See also Christian Oral Tradition-observance varies, but most deem these traditions subservient to the written Torah ).

Although the word " Torah " refers specifically to the Five Books of Moses, in Judaism the word also refers to the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible ), the Talmud and other religious works, even including the study of Kabbalah, Hasidism, Mussar and much more.

This belief is also reflected in ancient Judaism, which used the Tetragrammaton ( YHWH, usually translated as "< span style =" font-variant: small-caps ;"> Lord </ span >" in small caps ) to refer to God " safely " in the Tanakh.

Biblical references as well as rabbinic literature support this view: Moses refers to the " God of the spirits of all flesh " (), and the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible ) also identifies prophets outside the community of Israel.

The Hebrew Bible ( also Hebrew Scriptures, Jewish Bible ; ) is a term used by biblical scholars to refer to the Tanakh (), a canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is the common textual source of the several canonical editions of the Christian Old Testament.

Midrash more generally also refers to the " non-legal " interpretation of the Tanakh ( aggadic midrash ).

* Lamentations, also known as the Lamentations of Jeremiah ( listed with the Ketuvim in the Tanakh )

The " holy spirit " ( also transliterated ruah ha-qodesh ) is a term used in the Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh ) and Jewish writings to refer to the Spirit of Yahweh.

These three books are also the only ones in Tanakh with a special system of cantillation notes that are designed to emphasize parallel stichs within verses.

The Midrash is a homiletic method of exegesis and a compilation of homiletic teachings or commentaries on the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible ), a Biblical exegesis of the Pentateuch and its paragraphs related to the Law or Torah, which also forms an object of analysis.

Breslovers do not restrict themselves to Rabbi Nachman's commentaries on the Torah, but also study many of the classic texts, including the Tanakh, Talmud, Midrash, and many others.

There is also an identically spelled ( homonym ) Hebrew noun herem, fisherman's net, which appears 9 times in the masoretic text of the Tanakh but has no etymological connection to herem as devoted objects.

* Tanakh, sometimes referred to as the Jewish Bible Canon

Prior to the Babylonian exile, the names of only four months are referred to in the Tanakh:

The Hebrews / Israelites were already referred to as " Jews " in later books of the Tanakh such as the Book of Esther, with the term Jews replacing the title " Children of Israel ".

The Song of Songs of Solomon, commonly referred to as Song of Songs ( Hebrew: Šîr haŠîrîm, LXX Greek: Aisma Aismatōn, Vulgate Latin: Cantĭcum Canticōrum ), or Song of Solomon, is a book of the Old Testament — one of the megillot ( scrolls )— found in the last section of the Tanakh, known as the Ketuvim ( or " Writings ").

In the Book of Esther in the Tanakh it is referred to as Nisan.

Some critics specifically referred to a Jewish viewpoint, pointing to agreements with the 1917 Jewish Publication Society of America Version Tanakh and the presence on the editorial board of a Jewish scholar, Harry Orlinsky.

The laying on of hands was an action referred to on numerous occasions in the Tanakh to accompany the conferring of a blessing or authority.

The core of the Tanakh ( the Hebrew Bible ) is written in Classical Hebrew, referred to by some Jews as (), " The Holy Language.

The " kingdom of the " is referred to in the Tanakh ( see 1 Chronicles, and for example ).

Calf-idols are referred to later in the Tanakh, such as in the Book of Hosea, which would seem accurate as they were a fixture of near-eastern cultures.

* A multi-volume set in Hebrew only, often but not always including the entire Tanakh with masoretic notes ( sometimes ), Targumim and several classical commentaries, is referred to as Mikraot Gedolot " Great Scriptures.

Breuer's method is the basis of the modern edition of the Tanakh known as Keter Yerushalayim ( " The Jerusalem Crown "), printed in Jerusalem in 2000, referred to in English as the Jerusalem Codex.

The New Jewish Publication Society translation of the Jewish Bible ( i. e. the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, referred to by Christians as the Old Testament ) is the second translation published by the Jewish Publication Society ( JPS ), superseding its 1917 translation.

The books of the Old Testament, showing their positions in both the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible, shown with their names in Hebrew ) and Christian Bibles.

The Old Testament is called by the Jews the Tanakh, an acronym formed by combining the initials of the three sections by which the Jews divide the text: the Torah, or Law ( the Pentateuch ), the Nevi ' im, or Prophets, and the Ketuvim, or Writings or Hagiographa ( with vowels added, as Hebrew is written with a consonantal script, TaNaKh ).

It is not clear why the present order of the books in the Tanakh does not match the order given in the Talmud ( nor does it match that of the Christian Old Testament ).

The Book of Ruth (; Sephardic, Israeli Hebrew: ; Ashkenazi Hebrew: ; Biblical Hebrew: Megilath Ruth " the Scroll of Ruth ") is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible, Tanakh, or Old Testament.

The Book of Esther is a book in the Ketuvim (" writings "), the third section of the Jewish Tanakh ( the Hebrew Bible ) and is part of the Christian Old Testament.

The Masoretic text places Joel between Hosea and Amos ( the order inherited by the Tanakh and Old Testament ), while the Septuagint order is Hosea – Amos – Micah – Joel – Obadiah – Jonah.

The Book of Micah is a prophetic book in the Tanakh / Old Testament, and the sixth of the twelve minor prophets.

The book of Habakkuk is a book of the Tanakh ( the Old Testament ) and stands eighth in a section known as the 12 Minor Prophets in the Masoretic and Greek texts.

While animal sacrifice was part of the practice of ancient Judaism, the Tanakh ( Old Testament ) and Jewish teaching portray human sacrifice as one of the evils that separated the pagans of Canaan from the Hebrews (, ).

Traditionally, both Judaism and Christianity believe in the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, for Jews the God of the Tanakh, for Christians the God of the Old Testament, the creator of the universe.

Outside of the Roman Catholic Church, the term deuterocanonical is sometimes used, by way of analogy, to describe books that Eastern Orthodoxy, and Oriental Orthodoxy included in the Old Testament that are not part of the Jewish Tanakh, nor the Protestant Old Testament.

The Book of Genesis ( from the Latin Vulgate, in turn borrowed or transliterated from Greek γένεσις, meaning " origin ";, Bereʾšyt, " In beginning "), is the first book of the Hebrew Bible ( the Tanakh ) and the Christian Old Testament.

Nevertheless, as recorded in the Tanakh (" Old Testament " Bible ), in defiance of the Torah's teachings, the patron god YHWH was frequently worshipped in conjunction with other gods such as Baal, Asherah, and El.

Jonah (; or ; Greek / Latin: Ionas ) is the name given in the Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh / Old Testament ) to a prophet of the northern kingdom of Israel in about the 8th century BC, the eponymous central character in the Book of Jonah, famous for being swallowed by a fish or a whale, depending on translation.

In addition, although the order of the books in the Protestant Old Testament ( excluding the Biblical apocrypha ) and the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible ) differ, the contents of the books are very similar.

Within the Tanakh ( commonly called the Old Testament in Christianity ), is used to teach that the spirit within humans did not pre-exist, but was created within each person in the womb:

The Vulgate is usually credited as being the first translation of the Old Testament into Latin directly from the Hebrew Tanakh, rather than the Greek Septuagint.

Zephaniah () or Tzfanya () is the name of several people in the Bible Old Testament and Jewish Tanakh.

* Elijah, a 9th-century BC prophet found in the Old Testament ( Tanakh ) of the Bible.

Starting at the age of four, he attended a religious school where the teaching was solely from the Tanakh, i. e., Old Testament, in Hebrew.

In the Tanakh or Old Testament, Amraphel was a king of Shinar ( Babylonia, broadly speaking ) in Genesis xiv. 1 and 9, who invaded the west along with Chedorlaomer, king of Elam, and others, and defeated Sodom and the other Cities of the Plain in the Battle of the Vale of Siddim.

The modern name, Kinneret, comes from the Old Testament or Hebrew Tanakh " sea of Chinnereth " in and, and spelled " Chinneroth " in.