His Elo rating shot from 2540 in 1971 to 2660 in 1973, when he shared second in the USSR Chess Championship, and finished equal first with Viktor Korchnoi in the Leningrad Interzonal Tournament, with the latter success qualifying him for the 1974 Candidates Matches, which would determine the challenger of the reigning world champion, Bobby Fischer.

As relations between the US and USSR warmed in the later years of the 1960s, the US first proposed an ABM treaty in 1967.

* 1959 – The R-7 Semyorka, the first intercontinental ballistic missile, becomes operational at Plesetsk, USSR.

The title was brought back in 1935, and awarded to Mikhail Botvinnik, who thus became the first " official " Grandmaster of the USSR.

The first successful ABM test were conducted by the USSR in 1961, that later deployed a fully operating system defending Moscow in the 1970s ( see Moscow ABM system ).

The DF-5, with range of 10, 000 to 12, 000 km long enough to strike the western US and the USSR, was silo deployed with the first pair in service by 1981 with possibly twenty missiles in service by the late 1990s.

The USSR was one of the first nations to recognize the new country.

Golda Meir came to Moscow as the first Israeli Ambassador to the USSR that year.

* 1955 – Mir Mine, the first diamond mine in the USSR, is discovered.

Three separate categories for the kulaks were designated: The first consisted of kulaks to be sent to the Gulags, the second was for kulaks to be relocated to distant parts of the USSR ( such as the north Urals and Kazahkstan ), and the third to other parts of their province.

That same year in 1984, North Korea again drifted towards the Soviet Union after Kim visited Moscow during a grand tour of the USSR ( his first trip to Moscow since 1966 ) as well as Eastern Europe ( he made public visits to East Germany, Czechlosvakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia ).

Accordingly McEwen personally supervised the signing of the first post-war trade treaty with Japan, new trade agreements with New Zealand and Britain, and Australia's first trade agreement with the USSR ( 1965 ).

Former first deputy chairman of the Supreme Soviet Anatoliy Luk ' yanov became chairman of the Supreme Soviet, but for the first time in the history of the USSR this position was stripped of powers of the head of state.

In 1972 Aleksandr Baryshnikov set his first USSR record using a new putting style, the spin (" круговой мах " in Russian ), invented by his coach Viktor Alexeyev.

Eisenhower was even pleased that the USSR, not the USA, would be the first to test the waters of the still-uncertain legal status of orbital satellite overflights.

* Rising nationalism and increasing national awareness were among the many causes of World War I ( 1914 – 1918 ), the first of two wars to involve many major world powers including Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Russia / USSR, the United States and the British Empire.

The USSR first participates in the Olympic Games at Helsinki, Finland, in 1952.

* January 30 – The first radiosonde is launched in Pavlovsk, USSR.

On August 29, 1949 the USSR tested its first nuclear weapon at Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan ( see also Soviet atomic bomb project ).

The first television network of Soviet Union appeared on 4 November 1967 when the Channel One of USSR Central Television became all-union one.

The first automatic partially reusable spacecraft was the Buran ( Snowstorm ), launched by the USSR on November 15, 1988, although it made only one flight.

In 1982, at a special session of General Assembly of United Nations, the USSR pledged not to use nuclear weapons first, regardless of whether its opponents possessed nuclear weapons or not.

Despite these moves toward independence, economic realities seemed to work against secession from the Soviet Union In a referendum on the preservation of the USSR, in March 1991, 88. 7 % of the voters approved a proposal to remain part of the union as a " renewed federation.

The Nazi invasion of the USSR spurred him to compose his most ambitious work, an operatic version of Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace.

In 1979 Edward Teller contributed to a Hoover Institution publication where he claimed that the US would be facing an emboldened USSR due to their work on civil defense.

* Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Gold Medal " for outstanding work in the field of interplanetary communications " ( USSR )

Parallel to the Germans, Russian Constructivist artists such as El Lissitzky, Aleksandr Rodchenko and the husband-and-wife team of Gustav Klutsis and Valentina Kulagina created pioneering photomontage work as propaganda, such as the journal USSR in Construction, for the Soviet government.

The war ended before it could be tested, but the engineers who had worked on it went on to work for the USA and USSR on their SLBM programs.

The award, presented by former President of the USSR and Nobel Peace Prize winner Mikhail Gorbachev and Walter Veltroni, Mayor of Rome, was an acknowledgement of Gabriel's extensive contribution and work on behalf of human rights and peace.

Descriptions of how the Chronosphere and the time travel mechanisms work were revealed in the early episodes, and in episodes where Russian time travelers or spies attempt to steal Element-115 or the secrets of the Backstep Project ( for example, in Season 3, Episode 21 – " Born in the USSR " and in Season 1, Episode 9 – " As Time Goes By ").

Akhmatova's Requiem in Russian finally appeared in book form in Munich in 1963, the whole work not published within USSR until 1987.

The work in Russian finally appeared in book form in Munich in 1963, the whole work not published within USSR until 1987.

" After reading Age of Extremes, Kremlinologist Robert Conquest concluded that Hobsbawm suffers from a " massive reality denial " regarding the USSR, and John Gray, though praising his work on the nineteenth century, has described Hobsbawm's writings on the post-1914 period as " banal in the extreme.

A number of prominent Russian authors such as novelists Mikhail Shishkin, Rubén Gallego, Svetlana Martynchik and Dina Rubina, poets Alexei Tsvetkov and Bakhyt Kenjeev, though born in USSR, live and work in West Europe, North America or Israel.

Regardless of Stalin's death in 1952, the USSR and its satellite countries continued to encourage workers to exceed production targets and to publicise those who did so. In September 1959 near Neustrelitz, East Germany, a forester on his Simson ( company )# 250cc road models | AWO 425T motorcycle congratulates a team of women who achieved 184 % of work target by planting 25, 000 saplings in the time that they were set a quota of 16, 000.

After an odyssey through many detention camps, later on looking for work in the USSR, she located her father and brother in West Germany in the 1970s.

While opposed both to communism and imperialism, Nasser presented himself as a tactical neutralist, and sought to work with both the US and USSR for Egyptian and Arab benefit.

In the USSR, Muller supervised a large and productive lab, and organized work on medical genetics.

By 1936, however, Joseph Stalin's repressive policies and the rise of Lysenkoism was making the USSR an increasingly problematic place to live and work.

Lin reversed Peng's reforms, abolishing all signs and privileges of rank, purging officers considered sympathetic to the USSR, directing soldiers to work part-time as industrial and agricultural labourers, and indoctrinating the armed forces in Mao Zedong Thought.

By early 1943, the German government began recalling from combat a number of scientists, engineers, and technicians ; they returned to work in research and development to bolster German defense for a protracted war with the USSR.

Lin attempted to reform China's armed forces based on political criteria: he abolished all signs and privileges of rank, purged members considered sympathetic to the USSR, directed soldiers to work part-time as industrial and agricultural workers, and indoctrinated the armed forces in Mao Zedong Thought.

His work was recognized by the awards of the title of People's Artist of the USSR and the Stalin Prize.

From 1989 until 1991, Valentin Lebedev worked as Deputy Director of Science at the Institute of Geography AS USSR, completely dedicated to scientific work.

The USSR Academy of Sciences helped to establish national Academies of Sciences in all Soviet republics ( with the exception of the Russian SFSR and the Ukrainian State ), in many cases delegating prominent scientists to live and work in other republics.