Though respected for their contributions to various academic disciplines ( respectively mathematics, linguistics, and literature ), the three men became known to the general public only by making often-controversial and disputed pronouncements on politics and public policy that would not be regarded as noteworthy if offered by a medical doctor or skilled tradesman.

The position of some academic literature regards blitzkrieg as a myth.

Examining Jewish history and rabbinic literature through the lens of academic criticism, Conservative Judaism believes that halakha has always evolved to meet the changing realities of Jewish life, and that it must continue to do so in the modern age.

Not all Medieval writers are so at odds with the Virgilian standard, and with the rediscovery of classical literature later Medieval and Renaissance writers are far more orthodox, but by then the form had become an academic exercise.

The Style Manual for the Society of Biblical Literature recommends the use of the term deuterocanonical literature instead of Apocrypha in academic writing.

While there are alleged non-physical differences between men and women, major reviews of the academic literature on gender difference find only a tiny minority of characteristics where there are consistent psychological differences between men and women, and these relate directly to experiences grounded in biological difference.

However, his views now dominate psychiatric research and academic psychiatry, and today the published literature in the field of psychiatry is overwhelmingly biological in its orientation.

LGBT movements organized today are made up of a wide range of political activism and cultural activity, such as lobbying and street marches ; social groups, support groups and community events ; magazines, films and literature ; academic research and writing ; and even business activity.

Beginning in the nineteenth century, with the ascent of academic history, a corpus of historiographic literature developed.

The first ACM Hypertext ( hyperediting and databases ) academic conference took place in November 1987, in Chapel Hill NC, where many other applications, including the branched literature writing software Storyspace, were also demonstrated.

In feminist literature and academic discourse, the term has been used occasionally as an " economical way " to describe feminist efforts against a male-centered canon.

Neusner has aimed to make Rabbinic literature useful to specialists in a variety of fields within the academic study of religion, as well as in ancient history, culture and Near and Middle Eastern Studies.

In the scientific and academic literature on the definition or classification of mental disorder, one extreme argues that it is entirely a matter of value judgements ( including of what is normal ) while another proposes that it is or could be entirely objective and scientific ( including by reference to statistical norms ).

When the Mandarin group is taken as one language, as is often done in academic literature, it has more native speakers ( nearly a billion ) than any other language.

A laboratory and access to academic literature is a necessity, which is specialized and, in general, not available to amateurs.

Notwithstanding, Post-structuralism in much American academic literature in the Humanities is very strongly associated with the broader and more nebulous movement of Postmodernism.

His writings have had a major influence on the larger body of Postmodern academic literature.

As this report points out, and the existing academic literature on transnational policing seems to confirm, this is a secretive area and one not open to civil society involvement.

Intellectual and academic critics have often judged Plautus's work as crude ; yet his influence on later literature is impressive — especially on two literary giants, Shakespeare and Molière.

The main difficulties that haunted its development during the first two decades are still there: deficiency of means for research and development of university centers, need for funds for empirical research, a shortage of academic literature, disproportion in allocation of resources between center and periphery, deteriorating status of political science in university curriculums ( at non-political-scientist departments ) etc.

Ihab Hassan, theorist in the academic study of literature, once stated:

Within literature, history distinguishes between books published by academic historians doing peer-reviewed work based on credible sources, and deceptive history books based on uncredible sources.

The latter move was to enable Steiner to attend the Vienna Institute of Technology, where he studied mathematics, physics, chemistry, botany, biology, literature, and philosophy on an academic scholarship from 1879 to 1883, at the end of which time he withdrew from the university.

A case which has provoked an unusual amount of comment in the academic literature is Mozart's scatological humour.

Many academic historians hold the idea that the German armed forces adopted " blitzkrieg " as an offensive doctrine to be a myth.

But the reputation he had during his lifetime belies this idea: his academic peers at Yale University considered the " amateur " Whorf to be the best man available to take over Sapir's graduate seminar in Native American linguistics while Sapir was on sabbatical in 1937 – 38.

There is some evidence of Amerindian presence on the islands as far back as 1500 BC, although there is little academic support for the idea of a permanent settlement on any of the current British Virgin Islands at that time.

Trillin cited Rudrangshu Mukerjee, an academic who said that he does not want to be carried in a rickshaw but does not like the idea of " taking away their livelihood.

In 2004, Harvard graduate student and fellow Navy veteran Christopher Mora promoted the idea that the academic establishment had failed to reach out to citizens experienced in public service, but who did not fit the traditional idea of a politician.

Traditionally, the academic program at the Air Force Academy ( as with military academies in general ) has focused heavily on science and engineering, with the idea that many graduates would be expected to manage complex air, space and information technology systems.

For its time, this idea of a Scientific phase was considered up-to-date, although from a later standpoint it is too derivative of classical physics and academic history.

He was a soldier, biologist, academic, and an early proponent of the idea that evolution occurred and proceeded in accordance with natural laws.

Holberg supported the idea of the academy, worked out suggestions to which academic direction it would take and was asked by the king's superintendent to refer some professors for the school.

The idea of having a religious building within a modern, scientifically-oriented academic institution deeply annoyed some of the original fellows, leading to the resignation of Nobel Prize winner Francis Crick in protest.

This idea was based on an incident from Vitti's childhood when a number of his classmates did not take an intelligence test seriously and suffered poor academic treatment because of it.

Previously a mediocre student, Binford excelled in college and considered pursuing an academic career in biology until he was put off the idea when a professor suggested that there were " still a few species of blind cave salamanders " that he could be the first to study.

The idea of a perennial philosophy, sometimes called perennialism, is a key area of debate in the academic discussion of mystical experience.

Through the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s the field expanded greatly in parallel with several other academic disciplines, looking at communication as more than an intentional act designed to transfer an idea.

The adherents of this idea use wide ranging methods from controversial ones such as dowsing and asking mediums to contact the dead, to less controversial ones such as etymology, but also claim that the established academic material consists of lies and forgeries.

The academic tradition of interpretation of the wide use of the name " Vlachs " in this particular case as nothing more than a transient substitution and confusion of several medieval authors was affirmed in the second half of the 19th century by the Czech historian Konstantin Josef Jireček in his " History of the Bulgarians ", first published in 1876, in which he ignored the idea of significant ethnic Vlach participation in these processes, and is supported by the contemporary Bulgarian medievalist and researcher of the Asens Ivan Bozhilov.

While this view is popular in many academic circles, others are skeptical of this idea.

In her general work on the Minoans ( Dawn of the Gods, 1968 ), Hawkes was one of the first archaeologists to suggest that the ancient Minoans might have been ruled by women ; the idea had been discussed long before by historians of culture and religion ( for instance Joseph Campbell ), and outside of the academic community, sometimes by feminists.

Zhu Xi believed in gewu (), the Investigation of Things, essentially an academic form of observational science, based on the idea that li lies within the world.

The idea was supported by the president Guo Bingwen, academic director Liu Boming, and such famous professors as Lu Zhiwei and Yang Xingfo, but opposed by many famous men of the time.

Many paintings by academic artists are simple nature allegories with titles like Dawn, Dusk, Seeing, and Tasting, where these ideas are personified by a single nude figure, composed in such a way as to bring out the essence of the idea.

Possibly as an insurance policy with which to mitigate any subsequent criticism, Adams wisely had gone on record early in the selection process ( 15 February 1861 ), as supporting the idea, in principle, that the directorship be made an independent position, rather than continuing to be attached to a professorship which might cause time and energy conflicts due to heavy academic duties, as had seemed to be the case previously.

A comparison of Bruant's central entrance to the Invalides, under an arched cornice packed with military trophies with Mansart's Eglise du Dome ( see Les Invalides ), gives a clear idea of the difference between Bruant's High Baroque and Hardouin-Mansart's restrained and somewhat academic Late Baroque.