If the sources for north-eastern Britain, the lands of the kingdom of Northumbria and the former Pictland, are limited and late, those for the areas on the Irish Sea and Atlantic coasts — the modern regions of north-west England and all of northern and western Scotland — are non-existent, and archaeology and toponymy are of primary importance.

While the sources for north-eastern Britain, the lands of the kingdom of Northumbria and the former Pictland, are limited and late, those for the areas on the Irish Sea and Atlantic coasts — the modern regions of north-west England and all of northern and western Scotland — are non-existent, and archaeology and toponymy are of primary importance.

The German scientist Dr. Alfred Dieck catalogued the existence of over 1, 850 northern European bog bodies in 1965, but many cannot be verified by documents or archaeological finds ; in fact, an article in the German archaeology journal called " Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt " concluded that many of the cases were fabricated.

Initially he had an interest in archaeology, primarily focused on churches in northern England.

The archaeology at the Beedings spans a crucial cultural transition in the European Palaeolithic and therefore provides an important new dataset for the analysis of late Neanderthal groups in northern Europe and their replacement by modern human populations.

While the archaeology of southern Sumatra testifies the existence of neolithic settlers, it seems that the northern part of Sumatra was settled by agriculturalists at a considerably later stage.

It includes the some of the earliest objects made by humans 2 million years ago ; the art and archaeology of Europe from the earliest times to the present day, including the history of Britain under Roman occupation.

In Europe, a flint mace-head was one of the artifacts discovered in excavations of the Neolithic mound of Knowth in Ireland, and Bronze-age archaeology cites numerous finds of perforated mace-heads.

* History and archaeology of Czech Republic and central Europe – Czech published academic journal ( in English )

From the 8th to the 2nd centuries BC, archaeology records a split into two distinct settlement areas: the older in the Sayan-Altai area in Central Asia, and the younger in the North Pontic area in Eastern Europe.

As a professor of archaeology at UCLA from 1963 to 1989, Gimbutas directed major excavations of Neolithic sites in southeastern Europe between 1967 and 1980, including Anzabegovo, near Štip, Republic of Macedonia and Sitagroi and Achilleion in Thessaly ( Greece ).

The work was of " outstanding importance ", being released at a time when the few archaeologists across Europe were amateur and were focused purely on studying the archaeology of their locality ; The Dawn was a rare example of a book that looked at the larger picture across an entire continent.

His socialist convictions led to his early denunciation of the fascist movement in Europe, and he was particularly outraged by the Nazi co-opting of prehistoric archaeology to glorify their own conceptions of an Aryan racial heritage.

Whilst at Edinburgh University, Childe continued writing and publishing books on archaeology, beginning with a series of works that followed on from The Dawn of European Civilisation and The Aryans by compiling and synthesising data from across Europe.

This was followed by The Danube in Prehistory ( 1929 ), in which Childe examined the archaeology along the Danube river, recognising it as the natural boundary dividing the Near East from Europe, and subsequently he believed that it was via the Danube that various new technologies travelled westward in antiquity.

With the outbreak of the Second World War, Childe was unable to travel across continental Europe, and so focused on producing a book about the prehistoric archaeology of Britain: the result was Prehistoric Communities of the British Isles ( 1940 ).

In Europe, particularly on the Continent, Egyptology is primarily regarded as being a philological discipline, while in North America it is often regarded as a branch of archaeology.

" With few notable exceptions such as Boston University and Brown University, universities in America classify archaeology as a sub-discipline of anthropology, while in Europe it is thought to be a subject more like historical studies.

The question of where to put archaeology as a discipline, and its concomitant issues of what archaeology ought to study and which methods it ought to use, likely played no small part in the emergence of post-processualism in Europe.

The most important platform for students and researchers in quantitative archaeology and AI science is the international conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology ( CAA ) which has been in existence for more than 30 years now and is held in a different city of Europe each year.

Binford withdrew from the theoretical debates that followed the rapid adoption of New Archaeology ( by then also called processual archaeology ) in the 1960s and 70s, instead focusing on his work on the Mousterian, a Middle Palaeolithic lithic industry found in Europe, North Africa and the Near East.

Gimbutas argued that the thousands of female images from Old Europe ( archaeology ) represented a number of different groups of goddess symbolism, notably a " bird and snake " group associated with water, an " earth mother " group associated with birth, and a " stiff nude " group associated with death, as well as other groups.

The term, and indeed the practice of, rescue archaeology is largely restricted to North America, South America, Western Europe, and East Asia, especially the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Korea, and Japan.

He helped to found the International Centre for Chinese Heritage and Archaeology, an institution devoted to promote the exchange of archaeologists between Europe and China, which has yielded several projects of collaboration in training and research, and a number of scholarships for Chinese students to be trained in archaeology at UCL.

The details of the origin, chronology, social organization, subsistence practices and ideology of the peoples of Neolithic Europe are obtained from archaeology, and not historical records, since these people left none.

Post-medieval archaeology is a term used in Europe to describe the study of the material past over the last 500 years.

Early Medieval archaeology in Western Europe: its history and development.

The major collecting areas in archaeology have been Western Europe ( including the British Isles ), the Mediterranean, Egypt and Western Asia.

Anthony remarked that " Indo-European linguistics and archaeology have been exploited to support openly ideological agendas for so long that a brief history of the issue quickly becomes entangled with the intellectual history of Europe.

In archaeology, for example, the contributions of Frederick Haverfield and Reginald Smith to the various volumes of the Victoria County Histories raised the discipline from the status of an antiquarian pastime to that of the most valuable single tool of the early English historian.

What was true for archaeology was also true of place-name studies.

Again omitting recent developments, E.T. Leeds' dictum of 1913 has stood unchallenged: `` So far as archaeology is concerned, there is not the least warrant for the second ( shore occupied by ) of these theories ''.

In the face of a clear judgment from archaeology, therefore, it became impossible for a time for scholars to re-adopt the `` shore settled by '' theory.

At one time I became disturbed in the faith in which I had grown up by the apparent inroads being made upon both Old and New Testaments by a `` Higher Criticism '' of the Bible, to refute which I felt the need of a better knowledge of Hebrew and of archaeology, for it seemed to me that to pull out some of the props of our faith was to weaken the entire structure.

The large amount of travel done by Christie and Mallowan has not only made for a great writing theme, as shown in her famous novel: The Murder on the Orient Express, but also tied into the idea of archaeology as an adventure that has become so important in today ’ s popular culture as described by Cornelius Holtorf in his book Archaeology is a Brand.

It was founded in 1991 and is a training school for students of archaeology and anthropology.

Its significance for archaeology lies in the possibility to understand the rich and sophisticated cultural expression of Ancestral Pueblo societies.

After collecting much valuable information concerning the geography, geology, archaeology and natural history of Ethiopia, the brothers returned to France in 1848 and began to prepare their materials for publication.

Ceramic artifacts are an important role in archaeology for understanding the culture, technology and behavior of peoples of the past.

Another unscientific term for semi-precious gemstones used in art history and archaeology is hardstone.

Following his sensational discovery, Howard Carter retired from archaeology and became a part-time agent for collectors and museums, including the Cleveland Museum of Art and the Detroit Institute of Arts.

It is attested in both documents and archaeology as a material for precious items such as jewellery.

It was the first underwater archaeology operation using autonomous diving, opening the way for scientific underwater archaeology.

The search for such lost cities by European explorers and adventurers in the Americas, Africa and in Southeast Asia from the 15th century onwards eventually led to the development of archaeology.

Due to the innovation of a three-stage system for African archaeology by John Hilary Goodman and Clarence van Riet Lowe of South Africa in the early 20th century, translations of " Old ," " Middle ," and " New Stone Age " can no longer be used for Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic.