Thombs ( 1999 ) states according to behavioural sciences alcoholism is described as a “ maladaptive behaviour ”.

At present, Leiden has a firmly established international position among the top research institutes in many fields, including the natural sciences, medicine, social and behavioural sciences, law, arts and letters.

The University also has a strong track record in management and behavioural sciences.

Linköping University pursues research and postgraduate studies within the fields of technology, medicine, and humanities, natural, educational, social and behavioural sciences.

The college has 12 000 students in various fields of study., Programmes and courses are offered in teaching, behavioural, social, natural and health sciences, business administration and engineering.

Although the distinctions are not clear, genre works should be distinguished from ethnographic studies, which are pictorial representations resulting from direct observation and descriptive study of the culture and way of life of particular societies, and which constitute one class of products of such disciplines as anthropology and the behavioural sciences.

The rise of urban sociology coincided with the expansion of statistical inference in the behavioural sciences, which helped ease its transition and acceptance in educational institutions along with other burgeoning social sciences.

* social and behavioural sciences

* Humanities and Social Sciences ( humanities, law, behavioural sciences and social sciences ) with 90 regular members.

Most books in the library are on topics of basic sciences, social sciences and behavioural sciences.

He was especially active encouraging the application of mathematics, and catastrophe theory in particular, to biology and behavioural sciences.

Social dilemmas have attracted a great deal of interest in the social and behavioural sciences.

It is also noteworthy that social dilemmas is an interdisciplinary research field with participation from researchers from various behavioural sciences who are developing unifying theoretical frameworks to study social dilemmas ( like evolutionary theory ; or the Social-Ecological Systems framework developed by Elinor Ostrom and her colleagues ).

In the biological and animal behavioural sciences, the term ' kinship ' has a different meaning from the current anthropological usage of the term, and more in common with the former anthropological usage that assumed that blood ties are ontologically prior to social ties.

The term behavioural sciences encompasses all the disciplines that explore the activities of and interactions among organisms in the natural world.

Examples of behavioural sciences include psychology, psychobiology, and cognitive science.

The term behavioural sciences is often confused with the term social sciences.

Insights from several pure disciplines across behavioural sciences are explored by various applied disciplines and practiced in the context of everyday life and business.

Clinical and other psychologists are experts at psychotherapy ( typically clinical psychologists are trained in a number of psychological therapies, including, behavioural, cognitive, humanistic, existential, psychodynamic, and systemic approaches ), and psychological testing ( e. g. including neuropsychological testing ).

Also, in the popular television series Criminal Minds, agents at the behavioural analysis unit of the FBI develop profiles of criminals, studying their behavioural traits i. e their M. O.

Furthermore, the degree of plasticity in various locations ( namely motor cortex versus spinal cord ) is dependent on the behavioural demands and nature of the task ( i. e., skilled reaching versus strength training ).

In a behavioural study, Costantini et al ( 2010 ) have recently demonstrated that an objectual feature ( i. e. the oriented handle of a mug ) might suggest or even demand a specific motor act ( i. e. a reach-to-grasp motor act ) only when the object is presented within the observer ’ s own reaching space.

The tenth revision of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases uses the term " conversion " as an alternative descriptor for the dissociative disorders class of mental and behavioural disorders ( i. e. the F44 class ), with the explicit suggestion that dissociative and conversion symptoms probably share common psychological mechanisms.

Another team of researchers characterize " the human phenome < nowiki ></ nowiki > a multidimensional search space with several neurobiological levels, spanning the proteome, cellular systems ( e. g., signaling pathways ), neural systems and cognitive and behavioural phenotypes.

It is proposed that the motor areas of cortex consist of a behavioural hierarchy similar to the sensory hierarchy, with the lowest levels consisting of explicit motor commands to musculature and the highest levels corresponding to abstract prescriptions ( e. g. ' resize the browser ').

In part this growth has been associated with the adoption by political geographers of the approaches taken up earlier in other areas of human geography, for example, Ron J. Johnston's ( 1979 ) work on electoral geography relied heavily on the adoption of quantitative spatial science, Robert Sack's ( 1986 ) work on territoriality was based on the behavioural approach, and Peter Taylor's ( e. g. 2007 ) work on World Systems Theory owes much to developments within structural Marxism.

" Mir " has the behavioural properties of a subject, e. g., control of infinitives:

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders ( i. e. behavioural, cognitive and / or emotional disorders ), and can thus prescribe medications in treating such disorders-as well as to provide psychotherapy and other supportive counselling.

The underlying thought is that the price of the unrestrained pursuit of selfishness is behavioural inconsistency, i. e. it is ultimately impossible to be continuously selfish and remain consistent at the same time.

The workshops cover a wide range of topics from applying co-counselling to a range of issues e. g. depression or gender issues, to trying out other approaches to personal development such as meditation or cognitive behavioural therapy.

Amphibians typically have a larval stage that lives in water but there are many different behavioural adaptations that have developed among species to bypass this necessity.

The motivation for biological aggression is an inherent and common aspect of the human behavioural repertoire.

Psychotherapy is aimed at alleviating core symptoms, recognizing episode triggers, reducing negative expressed emotion in relationships, recognizing prodromal symptoms before full-blown recurrence, and, practicing the factors that lead to maintenance of remission Cognitive behavioural therapy, family-focused therapy, and psychoeducation have the most evidence for efficacy in regard to relapse prevention, while interpersonal and social rhythm therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy appear the most effective in regard to residual depressive symptoms.

Psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy are recommended as a first-line therapy for panic disorder ; benzodiazepine use has been found to interfere with therapeutic gains from these therapies.

The adverse effects can include cognitive impairment, as well as affective and behavioural problems.

The result of these direct effects are a wave of further indirect effects involving a variety of other neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems, leading finally to the behavioural or symptomatic effects of alcohol intoxication.

A single sexually dimorphic species allows behavioural interpretations.

He found that replacement of testes back into the abdominal cavity of the same bird or another castrated bird resulted in normal behavioural and morphological development, and he concluded ( erroneously ) that the testes secreted a substance that " conditioned " the blood that, in turn, acted on the body of the cockerel.

In game theory, behavioural ecology, and evolutionary psychology, an evolutionarily stable strategy ( ESS ) is a strategy which, if adopted by a population of players in a given environment, cannot be invaded by any alternative strategy that is initially rare.

First developed in 1973, the ESS is widely used in behavioural ecology and economics, and has been used in anthropology, evolutionary psychology, philosophy, and political science.

This may be due to a dissociation of the subjective and behavioural effects of narcosis.

Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms.

Scientists have also suggested that the discovery of the flute may help to explain " the probable behavioural and cognitive gulf between " Neanderthals and early modern human.

Hayek's expansion of the " Hebbian synapse " construction into a global brain theory has received continued attention in neuroscience, cognitive science, computer science, behavioural science, and evolutionary psychology, by scientists such as Edelman, and Fuster.

Radical geography and the links to Marxism and related theories remain an important part of contemporary human geography ( See: Antipode ( Journal )) Critical geography also saw the introduction of humanistic geography, associated with the work of Yi-Fu Tuan, which, though similar to behavioural geography, pushed for a much more qualitative approach in methodology.

However, Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault and Bernheim introduced more complex hypnotic " depth " scales, based on a combination of behavioural, physiological and subjective responses, some of which were due to direct suggestion and some of which were not.

Hull's behavioural psychology interpretation of hypnosis, emphasizing conditioned reflexes, rivaled the Freudian psycho dynamic interpretation emphasizing unconscious transference.

1 Cognitive and behavioural theories of the nature of hypnosis ( influenced by the theories of Sarbin and Barber became increasingly influential.

However, Clark L. Hull had introduced a behavioural psychology as far back as 1933, which in turn was preceded by Ivan Pavlov.

He believed that hypnosis was an example of dissociation, whereby areas of an individual's behavioural control separate from ordinary awareness.

Psychologists such as Robert Baker and Graham Wagstaff claim that what we call hypnosis is actually a form of learned social behaviour, a complex hybrid of social compliance, relaxation, and suggestibility that can account for many esoteric behavioural manifestations.

*" A systematic review has found that hypnosis enhances the effects of cognitive behavioural therapy for conditions such as phobia, obesity, and anxiety.

This spotted cat most closely resembles the leopard physically, although it is usually larger and of sturdier build and its behavioural and habitat characteristics are closer to those of the tiger.

Noting that the modifying component in Germanic compound words can take the form of a genitive or a bare root, he points to behavioural similarities between genitive determinants and the modifying element in regular Old Norse compound words, such as the fact that neither can be modified by a free-standing ( declined ) adjective.