( The penalties handed out in the electrical case, which included jail sentences, were unprecedented in anti-trust prosecutions, perhaps because the conspirators had displayed unusual ineptness in their pricing activities.

Thus, an analog signal is one represented by a continuous stream of data, in this case along an electrical circuit in the form of voltage, current or charge changes ( compare with digital signals below ).

In either case the primer is usually percussion but electrical is also used and laser ignition is emerging.

Some common examples are the high electrical conductivity of pure copper, the excellent deep drawing qualities of cartridge case brass, the low-friction properties of bearing bronze, the resonant qualities of bell bronze, and the resistance to corrosion by sea water of several bronze alloys.

In the case of SWNT, covalent functionalization will break some C = C double bonds, leaving " holes " in the structure on the nanotube and, thus, modifying both its mechanical and electrical properties.

Modern computer buses can use both parallel and bit serial connections, and can be wired in either a multidrop ( electrical parallel ) or daisy chain topology, or connected by switched hubs, as in the case of USB.

In this case, a single mechanical and electrical system can be used to connect together many of the system components, or in some cases, all of them.

By contrast, the EM far-field is composed of radiation that is free of the transmitter in the sense that ( unlike the case in an electrical transformer ) the transmitter requires the same power to send these changes in the fields out, whether the signal is immediately picked up, or not.

In other situations, different signals such as electrical / physical shock, or in the case of laser detonation systems, light, are used to initiate an action, i. e., an explosion.

Some aircraft, the Panavia Tornado for example, retain a very basic hydro-mechanical backup system for limited flight control capability on losing electrical power, in the case of the Tornado this allows rudimentary control of the stabilators only for pitch and roll axis movements.

Similarly, if one connects two electrical resistors in parallel, one having resistance x ( e. g. 60Ω ) and one having resistance y ( e. g. 40Ω ), then the effect is the same as if one had used two resistors with the same resistance, both equal to the harmonic mean of x and y ( 48Ω ): the equivalent resistance in either case is 24Ω ( one-half of the harmonic mean ).

Insulators are also required where the wire enters buildings or electrical devices, such as transformers or circuit breakers, to insulate the wire from the case.

Persinger's case studies have also shown a complex interaction between geomagnetism, household electrical equipment and the brain physiology of the individual.

However, the heat removal problem is central to all electrical apparatus such that in the case of high value transfomer assets, this often translates in a need to monitor, model, forecast and manage oil and winding conductor insulation temperature conditions under varying, possibly difficult, power loading conditions.

Temperature systems are primarily either electrical or mechanical, occasionally inseparable from the system which they control ( as in the case of a mercury-in-glass thermometer ).

(" Screen " in this case refers to electrical " screening " or shielding, not physical construction: all " grid " electrodes in between the cathode and plate are " screens " of some sort rather than solid electrodes since they must allow for the passage of electrons directly from the cathode to the plate ).

In any case, the end result was a physical electrical connection between the two subscribers ' telephones for the duration of the call.

In the specific case of a photodetector, responsivity measures the electrical output per optical input.

In circuit theory, the impedance is a generalization of electrical resistivity in the case of alternating current, and is measured in ohms ().

The accuracy of the assumption that flow is proportional to the gradient is more readily tested, using modern measurement methods, for the electrical case than for the heat case.

The modern evidence for this specificity ( sometimes called modularity ) includes direct recording from single neurons, case studies of patients with brain damage or disease, recording of electrical or magnetic activity in the brain through advanced scanning techniques, and even direct manipulation of brain activity.

EEPROM is user-modifiable read-only memory ( ROM ) that can be erased and reprogrammed ( written to ) repeatedly through the application of higher than normal electrical voltage generated externally or internally in the case of modern EEPROMs.

Most milking machines are powered by electricity but, in case of electrical failure, there can be an alternative means of motive power, often an internal combustion engine, for the vacuum and milk pumps.

) In this case, the electrical resistivity ρ ( Greek: rho ) is defined as:

However, in the case of a finitely presented group we know that not all the generators can be trivial ( Any individual generator could be, of course ).

In case No. 3 the motor generator can be synchronous / synchronous or induction / synchronous.

An example of a worst case scenario is a terror organization possessing a source of very highly radioactive material, e. g. a strontium-90 thermal generator, with the ability to create an incident comparable to the Chernobyl accident.

Charge separation takes place within the generator, with electrons flowing away from one terminal and toward the other, until, in the open-circuit case, sufficient electric field builds up to make further movement unfavorable.

In the case of the current generator,, the time integral of current, represents the quantity of electric charge physically delivered by the generator.

A second EPROM was used as a fixed character generator, providing upper and lower case ASCII characters and graphic symbols ; the character generator was not accessible to the CPU.

* Fossil-fuel power stations may also use a steam turbine generator or in the case of natural gas-fired plants may use a combustion turbine.

In the case of a contract for difference, if a resulting wholesale price index ( as referenced in the contract ) in any time period is higher than the " strike " price, the generator will refund the difference between the " strike " price and the actual price for that period.

In both the motor and generator case, the commutator periodically reverses the direction of current flow through the winding so that current flow in the circuit external to the machine continues in only one direction.

SU ( n / n )/ U ( 1 ) A special case of the superunitary Lie algebras where we remove one U ( 1 ) generator to make the algebra simple.

Known as a Redundant Container System in the industry, the refrigeration unit and generator set automatically switches to its back-up in the case of a loss of performance or power to provide the ultimate peace of mind when shipping this valuable cargo.

In the case of generator applications, the engine speed must be closely controlled so the output frequency of the generator will remain reasonably constant.

This statement says nothing for the case of finite fields, for which there is a computational theory dedicated to finding a generator of the multiplicative group of the field ( a cyclic group ), which is a fortiori a primitive element.

From this, the generator matrix G can be obtained as ( noting that in the special case of this being a binary code ), or specifically:

Well-known examples of its use are on The Who track " Won't Get Fooled Again " ( as an external sound processor, in this case with Pete Townshend running the signal of a Lowrey Organ through the VCS3's filter and low frequency oscillators ) on Who's Next and Pink Floyd's " On the Run " from The Dark Side of the Moon, ( which made use of its oscillators and noise generator, as well as the sequencer ).

The monoid ( N ,+) of natural numbers ( including zero ) under addition is a free monoid of rank 1 on a singleton free generator, in this case the natural number 1.

Under Poincaré duality, the fundamental class is dual to the bottom class of a connected manifold ( a generator of ): in the closed case, Poincaré duality is the statement that the cap product with the fundamental class yields an isomorphism.

In the case of hybrid vehicles this warranty is extended to the electric propulsion components ( electric motor / generator / starter, battery, inverter, controls ) and their mechanical interface to the driveline-potentially a distinct advantage to the owner of such a vehicle.

In the case where the rolling curve is a line and the generator is a point on the line, the roulette is called an involute of the fixed curve.