In, the President of the United States directed that the Secretary of the Interior should take care for the administration of civil government in American Samoa.

They receive the vows of the nuns of the abbey ; they may admit candidates to their order's novitiate ; they may send them to study ; and they may send them to do pastoral and / or missionary work and / or assist — to the extent allowed by canon and civil law — in the administration and ministry of a parish or diocese ( these activities could be inside or outside the community's territory ).

It was then that he began to study the principles of law and administration under Konstantin Pobedonostsev, then a professor of civil law at Moscow State University and later ( from 1880 ) chief procurator of the Holy Synod of the Orthodox Church in Russia.

Phillip was a far-sighted governor, who soon saw that New South Wales would need a civil administration and a system for emancipating the convicts.

Instead of just establishing it as a military prison, he provided for a civil administration, with courts of law.

As Roman authority began to fail in the western portion of the empire, the church took over much of the civil administration.

FAT lost its status as the legal state army when Malloum's civil and military administration disintegrated in 1979.

An important initiative begun in 1981 and carried on until today, aimed at modernizing the use of Information and Communication technology, greatly contributed to disentangle the traditional bureaucratic and cumbersome clerical procedures in all dealings with branches of the government, from civil registry to import / export documentation, thereby fostering a more agile economy and a more efficient public administration.

World War II brought an abrupt end to the relative prosperity experienced during Japanese civil administration.

However, their domination of civil administration was lost by the establishment of the first shogunate ( i. e., Kamakura shogunate ) under Minamoto no Yoritomo in 1192.

With the higher levels of the military and civil government gone, administration and justice fell to municipal authorities, and small warlords gradually emerged all over Britain, still aspiring to Roman ideals and conventions.

After the Libyan civil war, the National Transitional Council ( NTC ) has been responsible for the transition of the administration of the governing of Libya.

** Choshen Mishpat: " The Breastplate of Judgment " The administration and adjudication of civil law.

* 1946 – King David Hotel bombing: a Zionist underground organisation, the Irgun, bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, site of the civil administration and military headquarters for Mandate Palestine, resulting in 91 deaths.

This was Julian's first experience with civil administration, where his views were influenced by his liberal education in Greece.

It was a policy that attracted criticism ; however, Adenauer started his administration from absolute zero, and " it would have been folly to deprive the fledgling republic of the services of civil servants and professionals for that reason alone.

When the colonial administration rejected the People's Assembly's recommendations, Nkrumah organized a " Positive Action " campaign on 01 January 1950, including civil disobedience, non-cooperation, boycotts, and strikes.

As a result of the collapse of the Gaddafi government in August 2011 due to the Libyan civil war, Libya is under de facto administration of the National Transitional Council ( NTC ).

Many aspects of modern public administration go back to him and a classic, hierarchically organised civil service of the Continental type is called " Weberian civil service ".

The first European power to successfully implement a meritocratic civil service was the British Empire, in their administration of India: " company managers hired and promoted employees based on competitive examinations in order to prevent corruption and favoritism.

Under Chinese influence, the first European power to successfully implement a merit-based civil system was the British Empire, in their administration of India.

Papua was administered under the Papua Act until it was invaded by the Empire of Japan in 1941, and civil administration suspended.

It was administered under this mandate until the Japanese invasion in December 1941 brought about the suspension of Australian civil administration.

Following the surrender of the Japanese in 1945, civil administration of Papua as well as New Guinea was restored, and under the Papua New Guinea Provisional Administration Act, ( 1945 – 46 ), Papua and New Guinea were combined in an administrative union.

Yet none of this was due to a lack of leadership on Andronikos ' part and his reign could be said to end before the Byzantine Empire's position became untenable due to the ensuing civil war which consumed the empire's remaining resources on Andronikos's death.

* Battle of Adrianople ( 1255 )-An engagement in one of the Byzantine civil wars

The Nomocanon was completely new compilation of civil and canonical regulations, taken from the Byzantine sources, but completed and reformed by St. Sava to function properly in Serbia.

In the sixth century, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian oversaw the consolidation of Roman civil law.

* 1347 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341 – 1347 ends with a power-sharing agreement between John VI Kantakouzenos and John V Palaiologos.

Utilisation of the substance was prominent in Byzantine civil wars, chiefly the revolt of the thematic fleets in 727 and the large-scale rebellion led by Thomas the Slav in 821 – 823.

With no further threat by the Serbs and the subsequent Byzantine civil wars, the Ottomans captured Constantinople in 1453 and advanced southwards into Greece, capturing Athens in 1458.

They had taken advantage of the civil discord in the Byzantine Empire to bring a force of 80, 000 to 120, 000 men and a massive fleet to the Bosphorus.

Nor did its Germanic traditions offer any code of civil law required of urbanised society, such as Justinian I caused to be assembled and promulgated in the Byzantine Empire.

Also, the typically multi-ethnic Byzantine force was always racked by dissension and lack of command unity, a similar situation also being encountered among the Sassanids who had been embroiled in a bitter civil war for a decade before the coming of the Arabs.

* 1341 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341 – 1347 formally begins with the proclamation of John VI Kantakouzenos as Byzantine Emperor at Didymoteicho.

However, as the Byzantine civil war of 1341 – 1347 dissipated the last resources of the Byzantine Empire, the auxiliary armies of the Emirs of Turkish principalities were frequently called over and employed in Europe.

His defiance of the Byzantine emperor Leo III the Isaurian as a result of the iconoclastic controversy in the Eastern Empire prepared the way for a long series of revolts, schisms and civil wars that eventually led to the establishment of the temporal power of the popes.

Several seals of civil servants and other Byzantine officials, dated to the first half of the 9th century, prove the presence of Byzantine armies in the city.

In the most common usage of the term, some civil rulers are leaders of the dominant religion ( e. g., the Byzantine emperor as patron of the head of the official Church ); the government claims to rule on behalf of God or a higher power, as specified by the local religion, and divine approval of government institutions and laws.

Byzantine civil war resulted in Turkish conquest of Anatolia.

* The civil war between Byzantine Emperor Michael II and the general Thomas the Slav continues.

* September-October: The Byzantine civil war of 1341 – 1347 between John VI Kantakouzenos and the regency for the infant John V Palaiologos breaks out.

* February 2 – The Byzantine civil war between John VI Kantakouzenos and the regency for John V Palaiologos ends with Kantakouzenos entering Constantinople.

On 2 February the Byzantine Empire's civil war between John VI Kantakouzenos and the regency ended with John VI entering Constantinople.

* The Zealots seize power in Thessalonica, expelling its aristocrats and declaring themselves in favour of the regency in the ongoing Byzantine civil war.

The Byzantine civil wars had weakened the Empire's position in the east and the gains of Nikephoros II Phokas and John I Tzimiskes came close to being lost to the Fatimids.