In music, a fugue ( ) is a compositional technique ( in classical music ) in two or more voices, built on a subject ( theme ) that is introduced at the beginning in imitation ( repetition at different pitches ) and recurs frequently in the course of the composition.

Though the term had a wide range of application ( as a memory technique or compositional exercise, for example ) it most often referred to the " seats of argument "— the list of categories of thought or modes of reasoning — that a speaker could use in order to generate arguments or proofs.

Since 1953 however, AES has become a practical and straightforward characterization technique for probing chemical and compositional surface environments and has found applications in metallurgy, gas-phase chemistry, and throughout the microelectronics industry.

Some pieces are composed around a set scale, where the compositional technique might be considered the usage of a particular scale.

Musically, Van Vliet's primitive style contrasted sharply with Zappa's compositional discipline and abundant technique.

This interest in early music would greatly influence his compositional technique in later years by employing palindromic form on both the micro-and macro-scale and the economical use of musical materials.

In the 1920s, Schoenberg developed the twelve-tone technique, a widely influential compositional method of manipulating an ordered series of all twelve notes in the chromatic scale.

With encouragement from Cage, Feldman began to write pieces that had no relation to compositional systems of the past, such as the constraints of traditional harmony or the serial technique.

While Glinka considered Balakirev's compositional technique defective ( there were as yet no music textbooks in Russian and Balakirev's German was barely adequate ), he thought highly of his talent, encouraging him to take up music as a career.

While he learned from Glinka certain methods of treating Russian folk song instrumentally, a bright, transparent orchestral technique ( something he also learned from the works of Hector Berlioz ) and many elements of his basic style, he developed and expanded upon what he had learned, fusing it satisfactorily with then-advanced Romantic compositional techniques.

However, Balakirev advances on Glinka's technique of using " variations with changing backgrounds ," reconciling the compositional practices of classical music with the idiomatic treatment of folk song, employing motivic fragmentation, counterpoint and a structure exploiting key relationships.

He persevered, however, and after four years had built the foundations of a solid compositional technique.

Along with the usual heavy metal compositional technique of guitars and bass playing the same riff in unison, this creates an impressively loud and bass-heavy wall of sound.

The album continued Sweetnighter's process of reducing the free-jazz elements of previous albums but also showed a more fully developed compositional technique.

The earliest compositional use of the technique was in the first version of Engelbert Humperdinck's 1897 melodrama Königskinder ( in the 1910 version it was replaced by conventional singing ), where it may have been intended to imitate a style already in use by singers of lieder and popular song, but it is more closely associated with the composers of the Second Viennese School.

Fueling the cry for reform from many ecclesial figures was the compositional technique popular in the 15th and 16th centuries of using musical material and even the accompanying texts from other compositions such as motets, madrigals, and chansons.

The compositional severity and detailed technique derive from Northern Renaissance paintings, which Grant had looked at during three visits to Europe ; after this he became increasingly aware of the Midwest's own legacy, which also informs the work.

Other characteristics of Ockeghem's compositional technique include his liking for varying the rhythmic shape of voices, so as to maintain their independence.

Although the mass is in six parts, some more virtuosic sections are in reduced numbers of parts, presumably intended for soloists, a compositional technique used in several of his masses.

In 1916 he encountered and came under the spell of Van Dieren, whose influence soon exceeded that of Delius and led to a significant development in compositional technique, first evident in the Saudades song cycle of 1916 – 17.

Conjoint analysis, also called multi-attribute compositional models or stated preference analysis, is a statistical technique that originated in mathematical psychology.

* Fragmentation ( music ), a compositional technique

Thus syllabic technique does not — in English — convey a metrical rhythm ; rather it is a compositional device: primarily of importance to the author, perhaps noticed by the alert reader, and imperceptible to the hearer.

By ending his list of theorists with Wagner, he makes his primary critical target obvious ; Wagner had recently published his own essay, Opera and Drama, in 1851, in which he demonstrates how his compositional technique expresses the feelings inherent in the content and form of poetry.

Moreover, there is no compositional change so the atoms generally retain their same neighbors.

He wrote a series of articles giving a detailed analysis of different aspects of contemporary compositional techniques and at same time actively experimented as a composer, trying to find his own way.

Part of the problem Shostakovich had in writing the symphony was that people expected a successor to his First Symphony, and he no longer believed in writing in the same compositional style.

His 2008 film Rembrandt's J ' Accuse is a sequel or follow-on, and covers the same idea, using extremely detailed analysis of the compositional elements in the painting ; in this Greenaway describes The Night Watch as ( currently ) the fourth most famous painting in the Western world, after the Mona Lisa, the Last Supper and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

At the same time he resumed his studies of the piano with Dorothy Taubman, which was to have a significant role in his compositional as well as performing life.

Along with another choral piece composed around the same time, his piece titled Edge of the World is the first work to use Inuit folk music as compositional material.

It is one of Liszt's most haunting and at the same time one of his most experimental works, representing, according to Allen Forte, " a high point in the experimental idiom with respect to expressive compositional procedure.

compositional bias than amino acids, not all positions in the DNA evolve at the same speed ( non-synonymous mutations

Sumsion ’ s compositional style reflects the influence of his more famous contemporaries Howells, Finzi, and Vaughan Williams, while at the same time retaining something of the ‘ diatonic strength ’ of Edwardian composers like Parry and Brewer.

The mix of architectural styles contained in a typical district block achieves a very strong compositional harmony because virtually all houses adhere to the same rules of massing, scale, and cornice height setback and lot size.

César Cui may have complained of exactly this quality when he wrote about the " meaningless repetition of the same short tricks ," but motivic analysts who have since studied the symphony have considered these " tricks " a compositional strength, not a weakness.

A part of the D. C. hardcore punk scene, Rites of Spring increased the frenetic violence and visceral passion of hardcore while simultaneously experimenting with its compositional rules.

Conjoint analysis techniques may also be referred to as multiattribute compositional modelling, discrete choice modelling, or stated preference research, and is part of a broader set of trade-off analysis tools used for systematic analysis of decisions.

The performing style of both groups is characterised by the use of improvisation ( sometimes conducted by Zorn himself ) and its use of the inflections of Jewish music that are part of the compositional language of Zorn's " Masada " themes.

Best known for her use of interactive and algorithmic logic as part of the compositional process, Spiegel worked with Buchla and Electronic Music Laboratories synthesizers and subsequently many early, often experimental and prototype-level music and image generation systems, including GROOVE system ( 1973-78 ), Alles Machine ( 1977 ) and Max Mathews's RTSked and John R. Pierce tunings ( 1984, later known as the Bohlen-Pierce scale ) at Bell Labs, the alphaSyntauri for Apple II ( 1978-81 ), the McLeyvier ( 1981-85 ).

One way to do this is to look at the way an algorithm takes part in the compositional process.

Very often ternary plots are used in analysis of compositional data to represent a three part composition.

The motet was Gombert's preferred form, and his compositions in this genre not only were the most influential part of his output, but they show the greatest diversity of compositional technique.

As well as a distinguished compositional career ( for which he was made a member of the Berlin Academy of Arts in 1989 and received the Russian State Prize from President Boris Yeltsin in 1992 ), Shchedrin is himself a virtuoso pianist and organist, taking the piano part in person for the premieres of the first three of his six piano concertos.

Particularly important was Therion's use of a live orchestra and classical compositional techniques ; gradually these elements became a more important part of Therion's music than their death metal roots.

It is inferred that when Bauer's seven-year contract was about to expire, Schmidt requested that Bauer simplify her compositional style, as indicated by Bauer's response to his correspondence: “ It is not stubbornness on my part not to write simple things.

In fact, this tetralogy was part of an entire decade in Bruckner's compositional history devoted to large-scale works written in major keys, a fact of note considering that all of his previous symphonies and foremost choral works were composed in minor keys.

Wilfrid Hodges ( 1997 ) gives a compositional semantics for it in part by having the truth clauses for IF formulas quantify over sets of assignments rather than just assignments ( as the usual truth clauses do ).