Pure Land oriented practices and concepts are found within basic Mahāyāna Buddhist cosmology, and form an important component of the Mahāyāna Buddhist traditions in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Tibet.

Due to its presence in insular Celtic art, Celtic Reconstructionist Pagans use the triquetra either to represent one of the various triplicities in their cosmology and theology ( such as the tripartite division of the world into the realms of Land, Sea and Sky ), or as a symbol of one of the specific triple Goddesses, for example, The Morrígan.

For example, the Earth's apparent lack of motion may be taken as evidence for a geocentric cosmology.

In 1999, John Earman and Jesús Mosterín published a thorough critical review of inflationary cosmology, concluding that “ we do not think that there are, as yet, good grounds for admitting any of the models of inflation into the standard core of cosmology ”.

It was the core cosmology in both editions of AD & D and the 3rd and 3. 5 editions of D & D.

The Dungeons & Dragons cosmology as reflected in Planescape consists of a number of planes, which can be divided into the following regions:

Although the novel fits into the storyline of The Vampire Chronicles, the vast majority of it consists of Memnoch's account of cosmology and theology.

In Big Bang cosmology, the observable universe consists of the galaxies and other matter that humans can, in principle, observe from Earth in the present day — because light ( or other signals ) from those objects has had time to reach the Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion.

Each manvantara lasts many millions of years and consists of a number of Yugas, in accordance with Hindu cosmology.

The Gospel of Judas consists of 16 chapters which document Jesus's teaching about spiritual matters and cosmology.

An attempt to address this question, called string gas cosmology, was proposed by Robert Brandenberger and Cumrun Vafa.

A calendar era indicates a span of many years which are numbered beginning at a specific reference date ( epoch ), which often marks the origin of a political state or cosmology, dynasty, ruler, the birth of a leader, or another significant historical or mythological event ; it is generally called after its focus accordingly as in Victorian era.

In the game's cosmology humans can regain their lost divine status through a game concept called Awakening in which characters with an extremely high or low mental balance are no longer restrained by the rules of the Illusion.

Physicist Lee Smolin writes in Three Roads to Quantum Gravity that topos theory is " the right form of logic for cosmology " ( page 30 ) and " In its first forms it was called ' intuitionistic logic '" ( page 31 ).

In astrophysics and physical cosmology, Olbers ' paradox, named after the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers and also called the " dark night sky paradox ", is the argument that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe.

** In astronomy ( cosmology ) Ω refers to the density of the universe, also called the density parameter.

The actual process of change from one life to the next is called punarbhava ( Sanskrit ) or punabbhava ( Pāli ), literally " becoming again ", or more briefly bhava, " becoming ", and some English-speaking Buddhists prefer the term " rebirth " or " re-becoming " to render this term as they take " reincarnation " to imply a fixed entity that is reborn .< ref >" Reincarnation in Buddhism: What the Buddha Didn't Teach " By Barbara O ' Brien, About. com < sup > Popular Jain cosmology and Buddhist cosmology as well as a number of schools of Hinduism posit rebirth in many worlds and in varied forms.

As its name suggests, the setting crosses and comprises the numerous planes of existence, encompassing an entire cosmology called the Great Wheel, as originally developed in the Manual of the Planes by Jeff Grubb.

Because the Sun, Moon, stars, and other objects orbited the planet in the cosmology of Middle-earth they were considered part of Arda, leading to Arda sometimes being called the ' Solar System ' of Middle-earth.

The form of a Sumerian temple is manifestation of Near Eastern cosmology, which described the world as a disc of land which was surrounded by a salt water ocean, both of which floated on another sea of fresh water called apsu, above them was a hemispherical firmament which regulated time.

Cosmologists normally work with a given space-like slice of spacetime called the comoving coordinates, the existence of a preferred set of which is possible and widely accepted in present-day physical cosmology.

Mount Meru (), also called Sumeru i. e. the " Excellent Meru " and Mahameru i. e. " Great Meru ", is a sacred mountain in Jain cosmology, Hindu as well as Buddhist cosmology and is considered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes.

This planet is called Nibiru ( although Jupiter was the planet associated with the god Marduk in Babylonian cosmology ).

A new television series for the BBC called The Cosmos – A Beginner's Guide was broadcast on 7 August 2007 by BBC Two, and explored the latest ideas and experiments in cosmology.

Among these, the most developed is the application of LQG to cosmology, called Loop quantum cosmology ( LQC ).

While there has been a recent proposal relating to observation of naked singularities, and doubly special relativity, as a part of a program called loop quantum cosmology, as of now there is no experimental observation for which loop quantum gravity makes a prediction not made by the Standard Model or general relativity ( a problem that plagues all current theories of quantum gravity ).

In order to accomplish this, steady state cosmology had to posit a " matter-creation field " ( the so called C-field ) that would insert matter into the universe in order to maintain a constant density.

In the standard cosmology, clouds of neutral hydrogen between the quasar and the earth create Lyman alpha absorption lines having different redshifts up to that of the quasar itself ; this feature is called the Lyman-alpha forest.

Additionally, in 1991, Eric J. Lerner, an independent researcher in plasma physics and nuclear fusion, wrote a popular-level book supporting plasma cosmology called The Big Bang Never Happened.

A supplementary poem to De laudibus divinae sapientiae, called simply the Suppletio defectuum, covers further material on animals and the natural world, as well as cosmology, free will, astrology and the human soul.

In this Alfvén-Klein cosmology ( sometimes called Klein-Alfvén cosmology ), the universe is made up of equal amounts of matter and antimatter with the boundaries between the regions of matter and antimatter being delineated by cosmic electromagnetic fields formed by double layers, thin regions comprising two parallel layers with opposite electrical charge.

In early Germanic cosmology, the term stands alongside world ( Old English weorold, Old Saxon werold, Old High German weralt, Old Frisian warld and Old Norse verǫld ), from a Common Germanic compound * wira-alđiz literally the " age of men ".

Both popular and professional research articles in cosmology often use the term " universe " to mean " observable universe ".

In 1993, theoretical cosmologist Jim Peebles criticized the cosmology of Klein ( 1971 ) and Alfvén's 1966 book, Worlds-Antiworlds, writing that " there is no way that the results can be consistent with the isotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation and X-ray backgrounds ".

Within Blavatsky's complex cosmology, which includes seven " Root Races ", Lemuria was occupied by the " Third Root Race ", described as being about tall, sexually hermaphroditic, egg-laying, mentally undeveloped and spiritually more pure than the following " Root Races ".

His writings on ancient Mesopotamian cosmology and Mayan astronomy eventually became the basis and nucleus of a trilogy, named " The Hidden History ".

According to Evan Osnos, " Li Yang ’ s cosmology ties the ability to speak English to personal strength, and personal strength to national power ".

The second chapter presents hints on how to design your own cosmology of planes, based on the D & D official cosmology known as " The Great Wheel ".

FQXi supports research on questions at the foundations of physics and cosmology, particularly " new frontiers and innovative ideas integral to a deep understanding of reality but unlikely to be supported by conventional funding sources ".

This cosmology proved highly popular with occultists, and formed the basis of Western hermetic thought ( e. g. the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and subsequent organisations ), where it is associated with a form of astral travel called " pathworking ".

" This was the first 11th century Chinese text to argue for the inseparability of metaphysics ( or cosmology ) and ethics, as well as the first major Chinese text to explore the concept of the taijitu or " yin-yang symbol ".

Materialist mechanism triumphed, however, and today their spiritual cosmology, as Popkin notes, " looks very odd indeed ".

In 1989, Wolfhart Pannenberg, a liberal theologian in the continental Protestant tradition, welcomed Tipler's work on cosmology as raising " the prospect of a rapprochement between physics and theology in the area of eschatology ".