Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, Kurosawa directed approximately a film a year, including a number of highly regarded films such as Ikiru ( 1952 ), Seven Samurai ( 1954 ) and Yojimbo ( 1961 ).

* The Atlantics, an Australian surf rock band formed in the early 1960s

Farming of abalone began in the late 1950s and early 1960s in Japan and China.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

The early 1960s and 1970s ( up until his death in 1976 ) were marked by key works in Helsinki, in particular the huge town plan for the void in centre of Helsinki adjacent to Töölö Bay and the vast railway yards, and marked on the edges by significant buildings such as the National Museum and the main railway station, both by Eliel Saarinen.

Aalto first presented his scheme in 1961, but it went through various modifications during the early 1960s.

From the late 1940s to the early 1960s, following the creation of the state of Israel, most of these Jews fled their countries of birth and are now mostly concentrated in Israel.

The concept of playing solo steel-string guitar in a concert setting was introduced in the early 1960s by such performers as Davey Graham and John Fahey, who used country blues fingerpicking techniques to compose original compositions with structures somewhat like European classical music.

One story is that The Rolling Stones went to stay at Korner's house late one night, in the early 1960s, after a performance.

However, the late 1950s and early 1960s saw the onset of a lasting transformation of the city by the tourist industry.

By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965 – 1966 it was cleaned through bleaching.

* Unmanned air vehicles are the latest form of air observation, having been first introduced in the early 1960s.

Water-soluble artists ' acrylic paints became commercially available in the 1950s, offered by Liquitex, with high-viscosity paints similar to those made today becoming available in the early 1960s.

Belgium, like France, controlled African countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( formerly Zaire ), Rwanda, and Burundi until the early 1960s.

By the early 1960s, US research on the Nike Zeus missile system had developed to the point where small improvements would allow it to be used as the basis of a " real " ABM system.

* About 50 people in Vernon, Florida collected insurance claims for loss-of-limb accidents in the late 1950s and early 1960s ; this was more than two-thirds of all such claims in the United States during that time.

He changed his surname from Einstein ( to avoid confusion with the famous physicist ) and began a comedy career that quickly made him a regular on variety and talk shows during the late 1960s and early 1970s.

The Missileer project was cancelled in December 1960, but in the early 1960s Navy made the next interceptor attempt with the F-111B, and they needed a new missile design.

During the early 1960s, while also active in ASCII standardization, IBM simultaneously introduced in its product line of System / 360 the 8-bit Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ( EBCDIC ), an expansion of their 6-bit binary-coded decimal ( BCDIC ) representation used in earlier card punches.

In the early 1960s, AT & T introduced digital telephony first on long-distance trunk lines.

A limited edition release included two bonus tracks on a separate disc recorded in the early 1960s, and two years later, on September 16, 2003, this album was one of fifteen Dylan titles reissued and remastered for SACD hybrid playback.

Because of this, the United States Air Force XB-70 Valkyrie program was cancelled in the early 1960s ; the later B-1B Lancer and B-2 Spirit aircraft entered service only after protracted political and development problems.

The generals of the early 1990s had been junior officers in the early 1960s and had witnessed the military coup in 1964.

The United States, particularly through its counterinsurgency doctrines of the early 1960s, was more influential with the older group of officers.

Doo wop would be a major influence on vocal surf music, soul and early Merseybeat, including The Beatles.

Skateboarding was probably born sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s when surfers in California wanted something to surf when the waves were flat.

Between 1991 and 1994, the simplicity and effectiveness of early technologies used to surf and exchange data through the World Wide Web helped to port them to many different operating systems and spread their use among scientific organizations and universities, and then to industry.

Though mainstream audiences in the early sixties preferred a clean-cut style – epitomised by the acts that appeared on the Nine Network pop show Bandstand – there were a number of ' grungier ' guitar-oriented bands in major cities like Sydney and Melbourne, who were inspired by American and British instrumental and surf acts like Britain's The Shadows – who exerted an enormous influence on Australian and New Zealand music prior to the emergence of The Beatles – and American acts like guitar legend Dick Dale and The Surfaris.

Other important acts include early rockers Lonnie Lee & the Leemen, Dig Richards & The R ' Jays and Johnny Rebb & The Rebels, surf group The Atlantics, beat groups Ray Brown & The Whispers, The Missing Links and The Throb.

In this early period many bands were heavily influenced by surf rock and there was a cross-pollination between garage rock and energetic and upbeat party frat rock, though the latter is sometimes viewed as merely a sub-genre of garage rock.

The Hawaiian sport of surfing was adopted in Australia where a beach culture and the locally invented surf lifesaving movement was already burgeoning in the early 20th century.

The Chantays are an American surf rock band from the early 1960s, known for the hit instrumental, " Pipeline " ( 1963 ).

Ronny & the Daytonas were an American surf rock group of the early 1960s, whose members included Paul Jensen ( vocals, guitar ), Thomas Ramey ( bass, guitar ), Lynn Williams ( drums ), Lee Kraft ( songwriting, guitar ) and John " Bucky " Wilkin ( aka Ronny ) ( songwriting, guitar, vocals ), with contributions from others such as Larry Butler ( organ ) Ronny Clark and Buzz Cason.

In the early 60s, rock spawned several subgenres, beginning with surf.

Like Dale and his Del-Tones, most early surf bands were formed in Southern California, with Orange County in particular having a strong surf culture, and the Rendezvous Ballroom in Balboa hosted many surf-styled acts.

Their early albums included both instrumental surf rock, including covers of music by Dick Dale, and vocal songs, drawing on rock and roll and doo wop and the close harmonies of vocal pop acts like the Four Freshmen.

In early surf boards the beaks from Duck-Foxes were used.

Working in a factory unit in Torrance, California, Hoyle, who had previously built personal surf boards in his garage, was unhappy with the durability of the early " Baja Board.

The brothers invented the very first practical wetsuit in the early 1950s in the back of their Redondo Beach, California surf shop, Dive N ' Surf.

In the early 1960s, youth in southern California became enamored with surf rock groups, many instrumental, like The Beach Boys, Jan and Dean, The Chantays, Royale Monarchs and The Surfaris.

These experiments were represented most prominently in the guitar playing of East Bay Ray, who took cues from sources such as film music ( spy movie scores and Ennio Morricone spaghetti western scores ), instrumental surf rock ( the guitar stylings of Dick Dale and George Tomsco of The Fireballs ), as well as the psychedelic music of the 60s ( especially early Pink Floyd ) with his trademark echo effects.

Playa del Rey in the 1950s and early 1960s was known as a great Los Angeles area " surfing spot ", but due to the many rock jetties that were built to prevent beach erosion, the good surf is mostly gone.

Carl markedly developed as a musician and singer through the band's early recordings and the early, evocative " surf lick " sound quickly evolved into the rock sophistication of " Fun, Fun, Fun ", recording in 1964 when Carl was 17.

Though Carl had written surf instrumentals for the band in the early days, he did not get into his stride as a songwriter until the 1971 album Surf's Up, for which he composed " Long Promised Road " and " Feel Flows ", with lyrics by the band's then manager Jack Rieley.

First introduced at the 1958 NAMM Show, it was initially marketed at jazz guitarists, but found favor among surf rock guitarists in the early 1960s.