In most cases, interaction of the B cell with a T helper cell is necessary to produce full activation of the B cell and, therefore, antibody generation following antigen binding.

It is believed that the mechanisms are multifaceted and include the following: 1 ) Potassium or glutamate leakage through the outer membrane of bacteria ; 2 ) Osmotic balance disturbances ; 3 ) Binding to proteins that do not require or utilize copper ; 4 ) Oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide generation.

A compiler is likely to perform many or all of the following operations: lexical analysis, preprocessing, parsing, semantic analysis ( Syntax-directed translation ), code generation, and code optimization.

It can be seen directly or indirectly in the work of Rubens, Jusepe de Ribera, Bernini, and Rembrandt, and artists in the following generation heavily under his influence were called the " Caravaggisti " or " Caravagesques ", as well as Tenebrists or " Tenebrosi " (" shadowists ").

The first generation of database systems were navigational, applications typically accessed data by following pointers from one record to another.

According to the Polish Kabbalist, " the legend was known to several persons, thus allowing us to speculate that the legend had indeed circulated for some time before it was committed to writing and, consequently, we may assume that its origins are to be traced to the generation immediately following the death of R. Eliyahu, if not earlier.

In the U. S., some called Generation Xers the " baby bust " generation because of the drop in the birth rate following the baby boom.

The generation following Herodotus witnessed a spate of local histories of the individual city-states ( poleis ), written by the first of the local historians who employed the written archives of city and sanctuary.

Other associated words possess similar meanings including: khabar ( news, information ) often refers to reports about Muhammad, but sometimes refers to traditions about his companions and their successors from the following generation ; conversely, athar ( trace, vestige ) usually refers to traditions about the companions and successors, though sometimes connotes traditions about Muhammad.

Then the generation following them received it, thus conveying it to those after them and so on.

Ireneus exercised wide influence on the immediately following generation.

However following the Treaty of Belgrade, the Ottoman Empire was able to enjoy a generation of peace as Austria and Russia were forced to deal with the rise of the Prussians under King Frederick the Great.

In the following generation, John Locke sought to answer Filmer, creating a rationale for a balanced constitution in which the monarch had a part to play, but not an overwhelming part.

The second generation of Classicists, often trained in philosophy as well ( following Heidegger and Derrida, mainly ), built on their work, with authors such as Marcel Detienne ( now at Johns Hopkins ), Nicole Loraux, Medievalist and logician Alain De Libera ( Geneva ), Ciceronian scholar Carlos Lévy ( Sorbonne, Paris ) and Barbara Cassin ( Collége international de philosophie, Paris ).

When retroviruses have integrated their own genome into the germ line, their genome is passed on to a following generation.

If generation of phenotypes is conditional, and dependent on external or environmental inputs, evolution can proceed by a " phenotype-first " route, with genetic change following, rather than initiating, the formation of morphological and other phenotypic novelties.

Richler moved to Paris at age nineteen, intent on following in the footsteps of a previous generation of literary exiles, the so-called Lost Generation of the 1920s, many of whom were from the United States.

" After the death of Joseph and those of his generation, the following generations of Israelites had become populous in number.

Further development resulted from the expansion of the power generation industry following World War II, particularly through the now defunct SEC.

They are members of the fourth generation of Chinese leadership, and are purported to hold reformist and hesitantly pro-democratic ideas ( a number have studied in the United States following graduation from Tsinghua, and some are said to be influenced by the reform ideals of Hu Yaobang ).

Cadmus was of ultimately divine ancestry, the grandson of the sea god Poseidon and Libya on his father's side, and of Nilus ( the River Nile ) on his mother's side ; overall he was considered a member of the fifth generation of beings following the ( mythological ) creation of the world:

Like the quest for the Golden Fleece ( Argonautica ) or the Trojan War that took place the following generation, the Calydonian Hunt is one of the nodes in which much Greek myth comes together.

Peter holds a position of older brother to all of the following first generation.

* The Baby Boom Generation is the generation that was born following World War II, from 1946 up to 1964, a time that was marked by an increase in birth rates.

* Millennials ,, also known as Generation Y, Generation Next, Net Generation, Echo Boomers, describes the generation following Generation X from probably 1981 to 1999.

Technique pure and simple, rendition, is not of major importance, but it is interesting that Parker, following Lester Young, was one of the leaders of the so-called saxophone revolution.

The achievement of the desegregation of certain lunch counters not only by wise action by local community leaders but by voluntary action following consultation between Attorney General Rogers and the heads of certain national chain stores should, of course, be applauded.

Its title describes its contents: it contains the history of Biblical judges, divinely inspired leaders whose direct knowledge of Yahweh allows them to act as champions for the Israelites from oppression by foreign rulers, and models of wise and faithful behaviour required of them by their god Yahweh following the exodus from Egypt and conquest of Canaan.

Having accused the government of fraud, six opposition leaders were arrested ( twice ) and one opposition party activist was killed following the announcement of election results.

In the years following its independence, Cuba saw significant economic development, but also political corruption and a succession of despotic leaders, culminating in the overthrow of the dictator Fulgencio Batista by the communist revolutionary Fidel Castro during the 1953-9 Cuban Revolution.

This dual rôle allowed the Committee, to which Clarke and MacDermott added themselves shortly afterward, to promote their own policies and personnel independently of both the Volunteer Executive and the IRB Executive — in particular Volunteer Chief of Staff Eoin MacNeill, who supported a rising only on condition of an increase in popular support following unpopular moves by the London government, such as the introduction of conscription or an attempt to suppress the Volunteers or its leaders, and IRB President Denis McCullough, who held similar views.

" These younger leaders have repeatedly expressed frustration with the entrenched corruption in the party, which has been run by the " Old Guard " who returned from exile in Tunisia following the Oslo Accords.

Neither side was keen to continue the conflict, and following a papal truce the two leaders met in January 1200 to negotiate possible terms for peace.

The history of the communist movement in Cambodia can be divided into six phases: the emergence of the Indochinese Communist Party ( ICP ), whose members were almost exclusively Vietnamese, before World War II ; the 10-year struggle for independence from the French, when a separate Cambodian communist party, the Kampuchean ( or Khmer ) People's Revolutionary Party ( KPRP ), was established under Vietnamese auspices ; the period following the Second Party Congress of the KPRP in 1960, when Saloth Sar ( Pol Pot after 1976 ) and other future Khmer Rouge leaders gained control of its apparatus ; the revolutionary struggle from the initiation of the Khmer Rouge insurgency in 1967 – 68 to the fall of the Lon Nol government in April 1975 ; the Democratic Kampuchea regime, from April 1975 to January 1979 ; and the period following the Third Party Congress of the KPRP in January 1979, when Hanoi effectively assumed control over Cambodia's government and communist party.

His political views of the time were also shaped by popular protests that had erupted following a famine in Changsha, the capital of Hunan ; Mao supported the protester's demands, but the armed forces soon suppressed the dissenters and executed their leaders.

In the following May 2010 UK general election, the Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition, launched in January 2010 and backed by Bob Crow, the leader of the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers union ( RMT ), other union leaders and the Socialist Party among other socialist groups, stood against Labour in 40 constituencies.

This can either be in a selfish, wilful, egotistical way or a selfless way following the implications of statements attributed to ethical, philosophical, and religious leaders ( such as Jesus,

Both announcements came the following year after a letter signed by 1, 500 scientists called on political leaders to protect at least half of the boreal forest.

" In each case the group is divided following the death of the original leaders and the divisions contend for many generations.

It has been alleged by opposition leaders that the military has gained control of political life in Zimbabwe following the 2008 elections that saw the MDC become the majority party in the Parliament.

His grandfather, Zhang Kan, had been governor of a commandery, and one of the leaders who supported the restoration of the Han Dynasty by Emperor Guangwu ( r. 25 – 57 ), following the death of the usurper Wang Mang and his short-lived Xin Dynasty ( AD 9 – 23 ).

In December 1971, following an informative note from Ion Stănescu, the President of the Council of State Security of the Romanian Socialist Republic, to Yuri Andropov, the chief of KGB, three of the leaders of the National Patriotic Front, Alexandru Usatiuc-Bulgar, Gheorghe Ghimpu and Valeriu Graur, as well as a fourth person, Alexandru Soltoianu, the leader of a similar clandestine movement in northern Bukovina ( Bucovina ), were arrested and later sentenced to long prison terms.

Even though Stevenson had twice been the Democratic Party's presidential candidate and retained a loyal following of liberals, his two landslide defeats to Republican Dwight Eisenhower led most party leaders and delegates to search for a " fresh face " who could win a national election.

Vituška managed to escape to the West following the war, along with several other Belarusian Central Rada leaders.

Charles sided with the Tories, and, following the discovery of the Rye House Plot to murder Charles and James in 1683, some Whig leaders were killed or forced into exile.

However, compared to leaders of face-to-face teams, virtual team leaders face the following difficulties: ( a ) logistical problems, including coordinating work across different time zones and physical distances ; ( b ) interpersonal issues, including an ability to establish effective working relationships in the absence of frequent face-to-face communication ; and ( c ) technological difficulties, including appropriate technology and ease-of-use.

In the months following the coup, Taraki and other party leaders initiated other radical Marxist policies that challenged both traditional Afghan values and well-established traditional power structures in rural areas.

The Steinway company and its leaders have won numerous awards, including the following: