The paper has a certain value as a comparatively easy introduction to this approach, particularly since it treats a fairly simple and straightforward phenomenon where it is possible to compare it with a more traditional ( though not structural ) statement.

Satirical cartoon protesting against the introduction of paper money, by James Gillray, 1797.

In premodern China, the need for credit and for circulating a medium that was less of a burden than exchanging thousands of copper coins led to the introduction of paper money, commonly known today as banknotes.

For a better high-level introduction to Cyclone, the reasoning behind Cyclone and the source of these lists, see this paper.

In 1930, Ronald Syme argued a complete reassessment of Domitian's financial policy, which had until then been largely viewed as a disaster, opening his paper with the following introduction:

In his paper on memory, Ebbinghaus arranged his research into four sections: the introduction, the methods, the results, and a discussion section.

Only in the 15th century did production of painted icons begin to approach Eastern levels, and in this century the use of icons in the West was enormously increased by the introduction of prints on paper, mostly woodcuts which were produced in vast numbers ( although hardly any survive ).

The outside revenue allowed for the introduction of color printing and improved paper stock.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

The decline of the vellum trade with the introduction of paper exacerbated the scarcity, increasing pressure to reuse material.

There was a short period during the introduction of printing where parchment and paper were used interchangeably: although most copies of the Gutenberg Bible are on paper, some were printed on parchment.

Collodion-based wet-glass plate negatives with prints made on albumen paper remained the preferred photographic method for some time, even after the introduction of the even more practical gelatin process in 1871.

An 1855 paper on the " introduction " of species, written by Alfred Russel Wallace, claimed that patterns in the geographical distribution of living and fossil species could be explained if every new species always came into existence near an already existing, closely related species.

Shortly after the introduction of the tax, Spain produced similar paper for general taxation purposes, and the practice spread to other countries.

– Critical paper about the negative effects the introduction of WYSIWYG has had as of 1996.

The enduring, widespread popularity of the theorem was noted in the introduction to a 2001 paper, " Monkeys, Typewriters and Networks: The Internet in the Light of the Theory of Accidental Excellence " ( Hoffmann and Hofmann ).

The Ibis however resisted the introduction of these new methods of study and it was not until 1943 that any paper on ecology appeared.

" In his second paper he gives an introduction to the theory of numbers.

With the recent introduction of the printing press, it became possible to reproduce one's ideas much more easily on paper, and Hugo considered this period to represent the last flowering of architecture as a great artistic form.

Gödel commented on this fact in the introduction to his paper, but restricted the proof to one system for concreteness.

The widespread introduction of antiseptic surgical methods followed the publishing of the paper Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery in 1867 by Joseph Lister, inspired by Louis Pasteur's germ theory of putrefaction.

Initially they were individually wrapped by hand in squares of foil, and the introduction of machine wrapping in 1921 simplified the process while adding the small paper ribbon to the top of the package to indicate that it was a genuine Hershey product.

As a result of the 2007 election, the Scottish Liberal Democrats lost control of East Dunbartonshire Council, with one of the primary grievances amongst the electorate being fortnightly waste collection, after the introduction of kerbside collections for recycling plastics, glass, metals and paper.

Robert Hillyer, the poet, writes in his introduction to this brief animal fable that Mr. Burman ought to win a Nobel Prize for the Catfish Bend series.

Joachim had given Brahms a letter of introduction to Robert Schumann, and after a walking tour in the Rhineland, Brahms took the train to Düsseldorf, and was welcomed into the Schumann family on arrival there.

Robert Silverberg had written an introduction to Warm Worlds and Otherwise, arguing on the basis of selections from stories in the collection, that Tiptree could not possibly be a woman.

In 1921, Lord Robert Cecil proposed the introduction of Esperanto into state schools of member nations, and a report was commissioned.

* The earliest such reference occurs in 1589 when Thomas Nashe in his introduction to Robert Greene's Menaphon implies the existence of an early Hamlet: " English Seneca read by candle-light yields many good sentences, as Blood is a begger, and so forth ; and if you entreat him fair in a frosty morning, he will afford you whole Hamlets, I should say handfuls of tragical speeches.

* C. Robert Mesle's Process Theology: A Basic Introduction ( St. Louis: Chalice Press, 1993, ISBN 0-8272-2945-3 ) is an introduction to process theology written for the layperson.

A pair of SF novels by Gene DeWeese and Robert " Buck " Coulson, Now You See It / Him / Them and Charles Fort Never Mentioned Wombats are set at Worldcons ; the latter includes an in-character " introduction " by Wilson Tucker ( himself a character in the novel ) which is a sly self-parody verging on a self-tuckerization.

Robert Shea provided a four-paragraph introduction to the rulebook for the Illuminati Expansion Set 1 ( 1983 ), in which he wrote, " Maybe the Illuminati are behind this game.

In 1901 Robert Ridgway wrote in the introduction to The Birds of North and Middle America that:

It is translated by Malcolm C. Lyons and Ursula Lyons with introduction and annotations by Robert Irwin.

Lister was able to quickly reduce infection rates, a reduction that was further helped by his subsequent introduction of the techniques of Robert Koch ( such as the Steam Steriliser, which proved more successful than the carbolic acid spray that Lister had been using previously ) to sterilize equipment, have rigorous hand washing and a later implementation of rubber gloves.

In their introduction to The Reader's Companion to Military History Robert Cowley and Geoffrey Parker summarise this side of the modern view of the Battle of Tours by saying " The study of military history has undergone drastic changes in recent years.

The next big occurrence in fishing rods was the introduction of the fiberglass rod in the 1940s and were developed by Robert Gayle and a Mr. Mcguire.

This was referenced by Richard Waller in his introduction to The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke, M. D.

A bonus audio introduction and commentary is provided by Canadian science fiction author Robert J. Sawyer.

Edited by Lovecraft scholar Robert M. Price, the book includes an introduction by Price tracing the roots and development of the God of a Thousand Forms.

In an introduction to a new edition of Chambers Dictionary in August 2008 Paxman labelled the work of Scotland's national poet Robert Burns as " sentimental doggerel.

* Robert Sokolowski, " Introduction to Phenomenology ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2000 )-An excellent non-historical introduction to phenomenology.

* Benton, Janetta Rebold and Robert DiYanni. Arts and Culture: An introduction to the Humanities, Volume 1 ( Prentice Hall.

Despite these problems, however, the novella's length provides unique advantages ; in the introduction to a novella anthology titled Sailing to Byzantium, Robert Silverberg writes:

He was already writing stories for the Australian Magazine, when in 1867 he joined the staff of the Melbourne Argus through the introduction of Dr. Robert Lewins.

* Woman in the Dark ( Knopf, 1988 ; hardcover edition that collects the three parts of the title novelette ; introduction by Robert B. Parker ).

* Galeazzo Ciano, Diary 1937 – 1943, Preface by Renzo De Felice ( Professor of History University of Rome ) and original introduction by Sumner Welles ( U. S. Under Secretary of State 1937 – 1943 ), translated by Robert L. Miller ( Enigma Books, 2002 ), ISBN 1-929631-02-2

Managing Urban America ( first published in 1979 ) is a book that provides an academic overview and introduction to local urban planning and management in the United States, written by David R. Morgan and Robert E. England.

According to Robert Osborne of the television network Turner Classic Movies in the introduction to the film's airing on its weekly segment " The Essentials ," Tracy, weighted down by his growing alcoholism, refused to give MGM an answer.