Later on, Fascist Italy could also be considered as a " constitutional monarchy " of a kind, in the sense that there was a king as the titular head of state while actual power was held by Benito Mussolini under a constitution.

In its case the division is mostly of an organizational nature, as a matter of dividing the work load ; both senates handle the same kind of constitutional cases.

The addition of the words " or commerce among the several States " was not an additional kind of restraint to be prohibited by the Sherman Act, but was the means used to relate the prohibited restraint of trade to interstate commerce for constitutional purposes, Atlantic Cleaners & Dyers v. United States, 286 U. S. 427, 286 U. S. 434, so that Congress, through its commerce power, might suppress and penalize restraints on the competitive system which involved or affected interstate commerce.

The Agent for Foreign Affairs, Van der Goes who had been in favor of distancing the Republic from the French, chose this inopportune moment to secretly approach the King of Prussia as a mediator, with a scheme in which the Hereditary Prince was to become a kind of constitutional monarch in a constitution on the model of the American Constitution.

The U. S. Supreme Court ruled in Smith v. Doe ( 2003 ) that forcing sex offenders to register their whereabouts at regular intervals, and the posting of personal information about them on the Internet, do not violate the constitutional prohibition against ex post facto laws, because these does not constitute any kind of punishment.

Leading the debate for the ( Conservative ) Opposition in November 1968 Jellicoe said: We hold that a grave constitutional change of this kind should not be brought into effect in the dying years of a discredited Government ... a viable Upper House has an essential part to play in our parliamentary structure.

The Constitution explicitly stated that the king had a veto three times in law and budget matters, but there was no mention of any kind of veto concerning constitutional matters.

Under highly favorable circumstances, a country may remain democratic given a range of possible constitutional arrangements, whether or not the system is the best kind for promoting stability.

Even the Scottish Council's inquiry into the Scottish economy in 1960 was specific: " The proposal for a Scottish Parliament [...] implies constitutional changes of a kind that place it beyond our remit although it is fair to say that we do not regard it as a solution ".

Breaking with the authoritarian logic of the Constitution of 1967, it made unbailable crimes those of torture and of actions directed against the democratic state and the constitutional order, thus creating constitutional devices to block coups d ' état of any kind.

During the debates among Republican army leaders Oliver Cromwell and Henry Ireton about what kind of regime should succeed the now abolished rule of Charles I, it was briefly suggested that the young prince might be placed on the throne, and made to govern as the kind of limited, constitutional monarch that Parliament wanted.

State laws of this kind are commonly called Sexually Violent Predator Act ( SVPA ), most famously that of Kansas, which was the first one to be upheld as constitutional by the US Supreme Court in a 5-4 decision in 1997 — Kansas v. Hendricks.

Tyranny meant absolute monarchy of an undesirable kind.

Although the Tsarist army largely remained loyal to the emperor, close advisors to the Tsar became convinced that some kind of fundamental change in State administration was inevitable, if the monarchy was to survive.

Aflaq was bitterly opposed to any kind of monarchy, and described the Arab Revolt as " the illusions of kings and feudal lords who understood unity as the gathering of backwardness to backwardness, exploitation to exploitation and numbers to numbers like sheep.

Historian William Russ states, " the injunction to prevent fighting of any kind made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself.

“ the first Carlist war was fought not so much on the basis of the legal claim of Don Carlos, but because a passionate, dedicated section of the Spanish people favored a return to a kind of absolute monarchy that they felt would protect their individual freedoms ( fueros ), their regional individuality and their religious conservatism .”

In addition, he considered that monarchy was a grant of God, and that the Republic, with its separation between Church and State, was morally wrong and would wreck the country and family, a kind of new antichrist.

An advocate of monarchy and Confucian values, preserving his queue even after the overthrow of Qing Dynasty, Gu became a kind of cultural curiosity late in his life.

In any case, Mongkut was in a position to regularize and tighten the relations between monarchy and sangha at a time when the monarchy was expanding its control over the country in general and developing the kind of bureaucracy necessary to such control.

Seeing, as usual, all things now being refracted into Trinities ( and using the pun: " Ham " in Russian, along with a Biblical character's name, meaning ' lout ', ' boor ') the author depicted three " faces of Ham ' stvo " ( son of Noah's new incarnation as kind of nasty, God-jeering scoundrel Russian ): the past ( Russian Orthodox Church's hypocrisy ), the present ( state bureaucracy and monarchy ) and the future — massive " boorish upstart rising up from society's bottom ".

These practices created a new kind of " money " that was actually debt, that is, goldsmiths ' debt rather than silver or gold coin, a commodity that had been regulated and controlled by the monarchy.

Nevertheless, Bliss suggested that a set of international words could be adopted, so that “ a kind of spoken language could be established – as a travelling aid only ”.

In another kind of corporation the legal document which established the corporation or which contains its current rules will determine who the corporation's members are.

The State University of Tirana was established in 1957, which was the first of its kind in Albania.

At the time it was not the first of its kind with Terrace Talk ( York City ), which was first published in November 1981 and Wanderers Worldwide ( Bolton Wanderers ) having already been established but since disappeared.

These invasions would have constituted movements of a relatively small number of people who established themselves as a warrior elite at the top of pre-existing native systems, rather than any kind of total wipeout.

The Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek ( NSF ) company established a professional transmitter and radio factory in Hilversum in the early 1920s, growing into the largest of its kind in the Netherlands, and in 1948 being taken over by Philips.

Many pubs use the name " inn ", either because they are long established and may have been formerly coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image.

In 2010 a group of undergraduate students in the Media Studies Department established the Movable Type Academic Journal the first ever undergraduate academic journal of its kind.

Many pubs use " Inn " in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word " in ", as in " The Welcome Inn ", the name of many pubs in Scotland.

The outbreak of the First World War, and in particular its conclusion, made it clear to many academics that some kind of world court was needed, and it was widely expected that one would be established.

The Court justified this by saying that the Covenant of the League of Nations allowed them jurisdiction in cases over " the existence of any fact which, if established, would constitute a breach of international obligations ", arguing that since the fact " may be of any kind " they have jurisdiction if the dispute is one of municipal law.

In 1950 he established his own studio in Copenhagen and, in 1952, built an open-plan house for himself, the first of its kind in Denmark.

John A. Ryan, believed that established Catholic teachings conflicted with the American experience of religious freedom, holding that if Catholics ever became the majority group, they would be bound to enact, if possible, the kind of church-state relationship that existed in countries such as Spain.

Hence, it must be given a meaning of the same kind as the word of established meaning.

In April 1963, Chandler A. Laughlin III, co-founder of the Cabale Creamery, established a kind of tribal, family identity among approximately fifty people who attended a traditional, all-night Native American peyote ceremony in a rural setting.

In 1974, Nevs Models was established in London with only a men's board, the first of its kind.

A kind of parallel government in the form of " general assemblies " sprang up next to the city governments and the provincial States that repeatedly came into conflict with the established order.

( Since 1920, the Komitato became larger and a kind of parliament, and a board with the name Estraro was established.

Regional Games were another kind of multi-sport event that was established, such as the Far Eastern Championship Games or the Central American and Caribbean Games.

The Kilu Music School, established in March 2005, is the first of its kind in Thimpu where students are taught the essentials of music such as: to practice their music reading and writing skills, and to improve their listening skills.

The Soviet Union and Western European leaders both complained that this kind of rhetoric ran against the " code of détente " that Nixon and Kissinger had established.

In 2006, Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin enacted amendments that established a First Employment Contract, known as the CPE, a special kind of employment contract under which workers under the age of 26 could be hired and fired liberally.

* Edmund Husserl ( 1859 – 1938 ) established phenomenology at first as a kind of " descriptive psychology " and later as a transcendental and eidetic science of consciousness.

Stirling was however the only completely new institution of its kind established in Scotland since the University of Edinburgh was founded in 1582.