Other measurements included surface pressure of about 90 atmospheres ( 9 MPa ), temperature of 485 ° C, and surface light levels comparable to those at Earth mid-latitudes on a cloudy summer day.

Hail is most common within continental interiors of the mid-latitudes, as hail formation is considerably more likely when the freezing level is below the altitude of.

Accordingly, hail is actually less common in the tropics despite a much higher frequency of thunderstorms than in the mid-latitudes because the atmosphere over the tropics tends to be warmer over a much greater depth.

Hail occurs most frequently within continental interiors at mid-latitudes and is less common in the tropics, despite a much higher frequency of thunderstorms than in the midlatitudes.

At mid-latitudes, the F < sub > 2 </ sub > layer daytime ion production is higher in the summer, as expected, since the Sun shines more directly on the Earth.

" And in 2007 Schneider emphasized the danger of serious climate changes from a limited nuclear war of the kind analyzed in the 2006 study above, saying " The sun is much stronger in the tropics than it is in mid-latitudes.

The water near the equator is less salty than that found in the mid-latitudes because of abundant equatorial precipitation throughout the year.

Heat is more likely to increase the risk of mortality in cities at mid-latitudes and high latitudes with significant annual temperature variation.

In the mid-latitudes and arctic, winter is associated with snow and ice.

The overall climate of Earthsea is temperate, comparable to the mid-latitudes ( over a distance of about 1800 miles ) of the Northern hemisphere.

In the atmosphere it is the dominant mechanism shaping the cyclones and anticyclones that dominate weather in mid-latitudes.

In the second half of the nineteenth century it was also noted ( independently ) by Richard Carrington and by Spörer that as the cycle progresses, sunspots appear first at mid-latitudes, and then closer and closer to the equator until solar minimum is reached.

One of these patterns is the air pressure difference between the Arctic and mid-latitudes: the so-called Arctic oscillation with the Azores highs and Iceland lows known from the weather reports.

Model calculations show that the air pressure difference with decreased sea ice cover in the Arctic summer is weakened in the following winter, enabling Arctic cold to push down to mid-latitudes.

A Pineapple Express is an example of an atmospheric river, which is a more general term for such narrow corridors of enhanced water vapor transport at mid-latitudes around the world.

The timing of the flight, when the Antarctic ozone hole is diminishing, allowed scientists to study possible effects of the ozone hole on mid-latitudes, the way Antarctic air recovers, and how the northern atmosphere changes as the winter season approaches.

In the mid-latitudes, westerly winds are the rule and their strength is at the mercy of the polar cyclone.

When it is negative and pressures are higher over the poles, the flow is more meridional, blowing from the direction of the pole towards the equator, which brings cold air into the mid-latitudes.

This is especially important at mid-latitudes and in mountain regions that depend on glacial runoff to replenish their river systems and groundwater supplies, making these areas increasingly vulnerable to water shortages over time ; an increase in temperature will initially result in a rapid rise in water melting from glaciers in the summer, followed by a retreat in glaciers and a decrease in the melt and consequently the water supply every year as the size of these glaciers get smaller and smaller.

The CBL is typical in tropical and mid-latitudes during daytime.

The plant has been widely introduced at mid-latitudes across much of North America.

When pressures are lower over the poles, the strength of the Westerlies increases, which has the effect of warming the mid-latitudes.

In the mid-latitudes, hail forms near the interiors of continents, while in the tropics, it tends to be confined to high elevations.

As this slow circulation bends towards the mid-latitudes, it carries the ozone-rich air from the tropical middle stratosphere to the mid-and-high latitudes lower stratosphere.

Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow.

As it moves towards the mid-latitudes on both sides of the equator, the air cools and sinks.

The trade winds blow westward in the tropics, and the westerlies blow eastward at mid-latitudes.

The United Kingdom straddles the geographic mid-latitudes between 50-60 N from the equator.

At mid-latitudes, HF communications are disrupted by solar radio bursts, by X-rays from solar flares ( which enhance and disturb the ionospheric D-layer ) and by TEC enhancements and irregularities during major geomagnetic storms which are infrequent.

At the equator this delay between fixes was several hours ; at mid-latitudes the delay decreased to an hour or two.

*** In Southern Ocean mid-latitudes, the non-flux-adjusted models overestimate the magnitude of January-minus-July temperature differences by ~ 5 K due to an overestimate of summer ( January ) near-surface temperature.

Unlike other members of the Acrocephalus genus, the Sedge Warbler's range stretches from the Arctic to mid-latitudes.

This allows cold Arctic air to penetrate into the mid-latitudes.

From the brightness of the F component of the solar corona and the brightness of the zodiacal light, an estimate of the particle sizes, concentrations, and spatial distribution can be derived for regions of space near the ecliptic plane.

The F-corona ( F for Fraunhofer ) is created by sunlight bouncing off dust particles, and is observable because its light contains the Fraunhofer absorption lines that are seen in raw sunlight ; the F-corona extends to very high elongation angles from the Sun, where it is called the zodiacal light.

Like the zodiacal light, the gegenschein is sunlight backscattered by interplanetary dust.

It is distinguished from zodiacal light by its high angle of reflection of the incident sunlight on the dust particles.

It forms a slightly more luminous, oval glow directly opposite the Sun within the band of luminous zodiacal light.

He was also the first to observe that the zodiacal light can embrace the complete sky, because under near-perfect conditions, a feeble light bridge connecting the zodiacal light and the gegenschein can be observed.

Caused by sunlight scattered by space dust in the zodiacal cloud, it is so faint that either moonlight or light pollution renders it invisible.

The zodiacal light decreases in intensity with distance from the Sun, but on very dark nights it has been observed in a band completely around the ecliptic.

In fact, the zodiacal light covers the entire sky, being responsible for major part ( 60 %) of the total skylight on a moonless night.

The zodiacal light appears as a column, brighter at the horizon, tilted at the angle of the ecliptic.

Since the light scattered from extremely small dust particles is strongly forward scattering, although the zodiacal light actually extends all the way around the sky, it is brightest when observing at a small angle with the sun.

The dust band that causes the zodiacal light is uniform across the whole ecliptic.

Cometary dust and dust generated by collisions among the asteroids are believed to be mostly responsible for the maintenance of the dust cloud producing the zodiacal light and the gegenschein.

The material producing the zodiacal light is located in a lens-shaped volume of space centered on the sun and extending well out beyond the orbit of Earth.

Since most of the material is located near the plane of the solar system, the zodiacal light is seen along the ecliptic.

The amount of material needed to produce the observed zodiacal light is quite small.

In recent years, observations by a variety of spacecraft have shown significant structure in the zodiacal light including dust bands associated with debris from particular asteroid families and several cometary trails.