Through the mid-to late-20th century, medical science and practice included an array of effective tools, ranging from antiseptics to vaccines and antibiotics, but no drugs to treat viral infections.

In the mid-to late-20th century, research across the geosciences contributed to drastic improvements in the accuracy of the Figure of the Earth.

It is estimated that over 75 % of all overseas Chinese in North America until the mid-to late-20th century claimed origin in Taishan, the city is also known as the " Home of Overseas Chinese.

North American railroads until the mid-to late-20th century used rails long so they could be carried to and from a worksite in gondola cars ( open wagons ), often long ; as gondola sizes increased, so did rail lengths.

During the mid-to late-20th century, new suburbs grew and expanded around American cities as middle class house buyers, supported by federal loan programs such as Veterans Administration housing loan guarantees, left established neighborhoods and communities.

Starting in the mid-to late-20th century, most synagogues affiliated with the Orthodox Union were under the leadership of rabbis trained by Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik and alumni from Yeshiva University's Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary.

Cellos were derived from other mid-to large-sized bowed instruments in the 16th century, such as the viola da gamba, and the generally smaller and squarer viola da braccio, and such instruments made by members of the Amati family of luthiers.

The word and concept had its origin in the mid-to late-19th century by way of Catholic thought, in a movement called Traditionalism.

Proto-Norse developed into Old Norse by the 8th century, and Old Norse began to develop into the modern North Germanic languages in the mid-to late 14th century, ending the language phase known as Old Norse.

By the mid-to late 16th century, the viol's C-holes facing direction was reversed, becoming outward facing.

Ytterbium is normally difficult to separate from other rare earths, but ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques developed in the mid-to late 20th century have simplified separation.

A revolutionary achievement was the development of kana, a true Japanese script, in the mid-to late 9th century.

* Red Dog: Although popular during the mid-to late-1990s, Red Dog faded into near obscurity after the turn of the century.

Conflicts with Anishnaabe and Cree peoples pushed the Lakota west onto the Great Plains in the mid-to late-17th century.

In the mid-to late 19th century, they were joined by European Americans ; immigrants from Italy, recruited to work on the plantations, as well as Jewish immigrants from Germany and eastern Europe, who tended to settle in towns and become merchants.

The town is named after William Seward Webb, President of the Raquette Lake Transportation Company, the Fulton Chain Railway Company, Fulton Navigation Company, and the Mohawk and Malone Railway ; his railroads were instrumental in opening the Adirondacks to the tourism rush of the mid-to late 19th century.

Some possible " Ciboney " archaeological sites have been found elsewhere in the Bahamas, but the only one subjected to radiocarbon dating dated to the mid-to late-12th century, contemporaneous with Lucayan occupation of the islands.

Bulgaria exerted similar influence on her neighbouring countries in the mid-to late 14th century, at the time of the Tarnovo Literary School, with the work of Patriarch Evtimiy, Gregory Tsamblak, Constantine of Kostenets ( Konstantin Kostenechki ).

The newest came together in the mid-to late-19th century.

In the mid-to late 20th century, industrialized countries introduced next-generation factories with two improvements:

The mid-to late 18th century saw a virtual epidemic of feminine reading as novels became more and more popular.

Born Hasegawa Tatsunosuke ( 長谷川 辰之助 ) in Edo ( now Tokyo ), Futabatei's works are in the realist style popular in the mid-to late-19th century.

In the mid-to late 19th century and early 20th century, as the population of the island grew too large, hundreds of Ustican families emigrated to the United States.

The dance was common as a popular dance in Europe and the United States in the mid-to late-nineteenth century.

This perception changed in the mid-to late 20th century, when Afro-Dominican culture came to be celebrated through the work of promoters like Cissie Caudeiron.

In Midwestern states in the mid-twentieth century it was said that when the goldenrod bloomed, it would soon be time to go back to school — the blossoms appeared in mid-to late August, shortly before the traditional start of school on the day after Labor Day.

Jurchen-Manchu ( Jurchen and Manchu are simply different stages of the same language ; in fact, the ethnonym " Manchu " did not come about until 1636 when Emperor Hong Taiji decreed that the term would replace " Jurchen ") is the only Tungusic language with a literary form ( in Jurchen script and later the Manchu alphabet ) which dates back to at least the mid-to late-12th century ; as such it is a very important language for the reconstruction of Proto-Tungusic.

The debate over dredging the Hudson River has created tension within the community from the mid-to late-1990s to about 2003.

Gullies are widespread at mid-to high latitudes on the surface of Mars, and are some of the youngest features observed on that planet, probably forming within the last few 100, 000 years.

First, Kyaw Nyein had access to historical records and he interviewed many surviving members of the Thirty Comrades when he wrote the book in the mid-to late 1990s.

Scholars generally agree on a date in the mid-to late-2nd century AD, since there are two 2nd century documents, the Epistula Apostolorum and Irenaeus ' Adversus haereses, which refer to a story of Jesus ' tutor telling him, " Say beta ," and him replying, " First tell me the meaning of alpha.

First established with a distinct role in the mid-to late-17th century, grenadiers were soldiers who would throw grenades and storm breaches while leading the forefront of a breakthrough.

Angst was probably first discussed in relation to popular music in the mid-to late 1950s that was popular amongst the nuclear disarmament and antiwar protester subculture.

Estimates differ as to when the Comminales evolved, but most suggest an origin and diversification sometime during the mid-to late Cretaceous.

Parton's recorded output during the mid-to late-1990s remained steady, though somewhat eclectic.

As the PC-clone industry continued to build momentum in the mid-to late-1980s, several problems with the bus began to be apparent.

A resurgence occurred in the mid-to late 1990s.

* Early Hebrew Newspapers, thousands of pages of mid-to late-19th-century and early 20th-century Hebrew newspapers.

The feature was first introduced in the mid-to late 1990s.

Strickland and Hardy suggest that " even at a range of 240 yards heavy war arrows shot from bows of poundages in the mid-to upper range possessed by the Mary Rose bows would have been capable of killing or severely wounding men equipped with armour of wrought iron.

It was not until the mid-to late-1980s that DJs and electronic musicians in Chicago found a use for the machine in the context of the newly developing house music genre.

He fronted Club Homeboy, an international BMX club, with Mark " Lew " Lewman and Andy Jenkins, both co-editors of Freestylin ' Magazine in the mid-to late 1980s, where Jonze worked as a photographer.

In the mid-1990s, father-and-son management team Bob and Chris Herbert set about creating a girl group to compete with popular boy bands that dominated the pop music scene in the mid-to late-1990s: " The whole teen-band scene at the time was saturated by boy bands like Take That and East 17.

In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September ; in Scotland the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August.

Subsequently, Sharkey embarked upon a brief, but commercially successful solo career in the mid-to late-1980s.

In mid-to late 2001, Zambia's fiscal management became more conservative.

" In the mid-to late-1920s, the frame rate for silent films increased to about 20 to 26 FPS.

A series of unusual sonic booms was detected in Southern California, beginning in mid-to late-1991 and recorded by U. S. Geological Survey sensors across Southern California used to pinpoint earthquake epicenters.