Its ancestor may have migrated from eastern to northern Africa and then to its current range with the development of the Sahara desert.

Oyo, as a northern Yoruba kingdom, served as middle-man in the north-south trade and connecting the eastern forest of Guinea with the western and central Sudan, the Sahara, and North Africa.

In the autumn of 1351, Ibn Battuta left Fes and made his way to the town of Sijilmasa on the northern edge of the Sahara in present-day Morocco.

Morocco, occupying the northern half of Western Sahara and also involved in combat against Polisario, reacted with outrage, and launched a failed 1981 coup against the CMSN.

Considerable evidence indicates that about 60, 000 years ago, humans inhabited what has since become the desolate Sahara Desert of northern Niger.

Several former northern villages and archaeological sites date from the Green Sahara period of 7500-7000 to 3500-3000 BCE.

The Tropical continental airmass ( CT ) from the Sahara Desert in the northern part of West Africa, is weakened due to the overheating of the land surface in west Africa and Nigeria at this time.

The northern part of the river, known as the Niger bend, is an important area because it is the closest major river and source of water to that part of the Sahara desert.

The Sahara desert ecoregion, as defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature ( WWF ), includes the hyper-arid center of the Sahara, between 18 ° and 30 ° N. It is one of several desert and xeric shrubland ecoregions that cover the northern portion of the African continent.

The Sahara is the world's largest hot desert, located in northern Africa.

John Donnelly Fage suggests that Takrur was formed through the interaction of Berbers from the Sahara and " Negro agricultural peoples " who were " essentially Serer " although its kings after 1000 CE might have been Soninke ( northern Mande ).

Morocco later virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal.

In the 13th and 14th century, these tribes migrated westwards along the northern border of the Sahara to settle in the Fezzan ( Libya ), Ifriqiya ( Tunisia ), Tlemcen ( Algeria ), Jebel Saghro ( Morocco ), and Saguia el-Hamra, ( Western Sahara ).

The modern ethnic group is thus an Arabized Berber people inhabiting the westernmost Sahara desert, in the area of modern Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria and most notably the Western Sahara, with some tribes traditionally migrating into northern Mali and Niger.

In these accords, Morocco was set to annex back 2 / 3 of the northern part of Western Sahara, whereas the lower third would be given to Mauritania.

They mark the northern edge of the Sahara Desert.

A series of salt lakes, known as chotts or shatts, lie in an east-west line at the northern edge of the Sahara, extending from the Gulf of Gabes into Algeria.

The consistently warm, dry conditions of the horse latitudes also contribute to the existence of temperate deserts, such as the Sahara Desert in Africa, the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, and parts of the Middle East in the Northern Hemisphere ; and the Atacama Desert, the Kalahari Desert, and the Australian Desert in the Southern Hemisphere.

Since that time, they had operated the trans-Saharan caravan trade connecting the great cities on the southern edge of the Sahara via five desert trade routes to the northern ( Mediterranean ) coast of Africa.

Genetic evidence shows that northern African peoples ( most likely descendants of the Capsian culture ) made a significant contribution to the aboriginal population of the Canaries following desertification of the Sahara at some point after 6000 BC.

The western Desert Wheatear breeds in the Sahara and the northern Arabian peninsula.

A broad belt of deserts, including the Atlantic and Sahara deserts of northern Africa and the Arabian Desert of the Arabian Peninsula, separate the Afrotropic from the Palearctic ecozone, which includes northern Africa and temperate Eurasia.

Some researchers have speculated that this minority of Haplogroup C3 carriers among the Ainu may reflect a certain degree of unidirectional genetic influence from the Nivkhs, a traditionally nomadic people of northern Sakhalin and the adjacent mainland, with whom the Ainu have long-standing cultural interactions.

Despite such diversity, it is possible to classify the indigenous people into three major cultural groups: the northern people, who developed rich handicrafts and were influenced by pre-Incan cultures ; the Araucanian culture, who inhabited the area between the river Choapa and the island of Chiloé, and lived primarily off agriculture ; and the Patagonian culture Patagonia composed of various nomadic tribes, who supported themselves through fishing and hunting ( and who in Pacific / Pacific Coast immigration scenario would be descended partly from the most ancient settlers ).

The Chinese recognized early on during the Han Dynasty ( 202 BC-220 AD ) that they were at a disadvantage in lacking the number of horses the northern nomadic peoples mustered in their armies.

Since at least the 3rd century BC, there was influence of northern nomadic peoples and Yemaek peoples on Korean Warfare.

They are a predominantly Muslim nomadic people who inhabit the northern, western, and coastal lowlands of Eritrea, where they constitute 30 % of local residents.

Fraternal polyandry was traditionally practiced among nomadic Tibetans in Nepal, parts of China and part of northern India, in which two or more brothers are married to the same wife, with the wife having equal ' sexual access ' to them.

Once-vassal dynasties in Armenia, Cappadocia, and Pontus were threatening Syria and northern Mesopotamia ; the nomadic Parthians, brilliantly led by Mithridates I of Parthia had overrun uppland Media ( home of the famed Nisean horse herd ); and Roman intervention was an ever-present threat.

The Sami of Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula of Russia and other nomadic peoples of northern Asia use reindeer for food, clothing, and transport.

The First Emperor developed plans to fortify his northern border, to protect against the nomadic Mongols.

Large and distinct communities seem to have arisen in northern and central Jordan, while the south was populated by a nomadic, Bedouin-type of people known as the Shasu.

Silla artifacts, including unique gold metalwork, show influence from the northern nomadic steppes, with less Chinese influence than are shown by Goguryeo and Baekje.

Wu Hu () was a Chinese term for the northern non-Chinese nomadic tribes which caused the Wu Hu uprising, and established the Sixteen Kingdoms from 304 to 439 AD.

Also during this period, a nomadic people known as Dí ( 狄 ) invaded the plains of northern China and established Zhongshan ( 中山 ) in central Hebei.

After the invasions of northern nomadic peoples at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the chaos of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties ensued.

Sarakatsani and Vlachs could be found mainly in the mountainous areas in central and northern Euboea respectively, but nowadays they have abandoned the nomadic way of life and live permanently in the towns and villages across the island.

The incursion of northern nomadic peoples into northern China at the beginning of the 4th century began nearly three centuries of the division of China into a nomad-ruled ( but increasingly Sinicized ) north and a Han Chinese-ruled south.

Most Tuareg live in the Saharan parts of Niger and Mali but, being nomadic, they move constantly across national borders, and small groups of Tuareg are also found in southeastern Algeria, southwestern Libya and northern Burkina Faso, and a small community in northern Nigeria.

There was a nomadic group of Inupiat called Nunamiut that lived inland in northern Alaska and lived by hunting caribou instead of the marine mammals and fish hunted by the rest of the Inupiat, who live on the coast.

Feltmaking is still practised by nomadic peoples ( Altaic people ) in Central Asia and northern parts of East Asia ( Mongols ), where rugs, tents and clothing are regularly made.

With the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty in the 4th and 5th century, nomadic peoples from the north invaded northern China and established many successive regimes in northern China, including Henan.

In the 4th century, northern China was largely overrun by nomadic tribes from the north.

As northern nomadic groups established kingdoms across the north, ethnic Han Chinese aristocracy fled southwards and set up a refugee Eastern Jin Dynasty in 317, in Jiankang ( modern day Nanjing ).