) Ruthenium can be dissolved in aqua regia only when in the presence of oxygen, while rhodium must be in a fine pulverized form.

To test for the presence of monosaccharides and reducing disaccharide sugars in food, the food sample is dissolved in water, and a small amount of Benedict's reagent is added.

Temporary hardness is a type of water hardness caused by the presence of dissolved bicarbonate minerals ( calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate ).

" He pointed out that investigations of the phenomenon need to control a large number of initial parameters ( including type and initial temperature of the water, dissolved gas and other impurities, and size, shape and material of the container, and temperature of the refrigerator ) and need to settle on a particular method of establishing the time of freezing, all of which might affect the presence or absence of the Mpemba effect.

When dissolved in an approximately 35 % nitric acid solution it is called Schwerter's solution and is used to test for the presence of various metals, notably for determination of silver purity.

An explanation is not available but it involves hydrogen bonding and the presence of a small amount of dissolved solute.

They are distinguished from freshwater ecosystems by the presence of dissolved compounds, especially salts, in the water.

While the first deal became the springboard for RBS gaining a significant US presence, the deal with Santander was dissolved in 2004 after the Spanish bank offended its UK partner by taking over its UK rival Abbey National.

The boiling point elevation is a colligative property, which means that it is dependent on the presence of dissolved particles and their number, but not their identity.

The meat sample is dissolved by a digestive solution and the remains are examined for the presence of larvae.

This arrangement was dissolved in January 2012, leaving the group's presence in the hands of Radio Free Dishnuts — an internet-only radio service.

Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz ( SiO < sub > 2 </ sub >) and owes its violet color to irradiation, iron impurities ( in some cases in conjunction with transition element impurities ), and the presence of trace elements, which result in complex crystal lattice substitutions.

Low-iron sphalerite ( zinc sulfide ), fluoresces and phosphoresces in a range of colors, influenced by the presence of various trace impurities.

It can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions.

Other colors can appear in the presence of light absorbing impurities, where the impurity is dictating the color rather than the ice itself.

Pure obsidian is usually dark in appearance, though the color varies depending on the presence of impurities.

Dichroism occurs in liquid crystals due to either the optical anisotropy of the molecular structure or the presence of impurities or the presence of dichroic dyes.

The geological environment they are created in influences the overall process so that although the basics can be identified the presence of chemical " impurities " and substitutions along with structural imperfections vary thus creating " individuals ".

Pyroxenes were named this way because of their presence in volcanic lavas, where they are sometimes seen as crystals embedded in volcanic glass ; it was assumed they were impurities in the glass, hence the name " fire strangers ".

In presence of irregularities on the surface of the containing vessel, solid or gaseous impurities, pre-formed solid crystals, or other nucleators, heterogeneous nucleation may occur, where some energy is released by the partial destruction of the previous interface, raising the supercooling point to be near or equal to the melting point.

But in April 1944 it was found by Emilio Segrè that the plutonium produced by the Hanford reactors had too high a level of background neutron radiation, and underwent spontaneous fission to a very small extent, due to the presence of impurities of the Pu-240 isotope.

Unfortunately, not all the samples are suited for ESR dating: indeed, the presence of cationic impurities such as Mn < sup > 2 +</ sup >, Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup >, or Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup >, humic acids ( organic matter ), can mask the signal of interest, or interfere with it.

On February 8, 2012, three batches of the gastric acid secretion inhibitor Pantoprazole were recalled in The Netherlands due to the presence of impurities.

" Infrared grade " fused quartz ( tradenames " Infrasil ", " Vitreosil IR " and others ) which is electrically fused, has a greater presence of metallic impurities, limiting its UV transmittance wavelength to around 250 nm, but a much lower water content, leading to excellent infrared transmission up to 3. 6 μm wavelength.

The gas in the tube has to be kept pure to maintain the desired properties ; even small amount of impurities can dramatically change the tube values ; presence of non-inert gases generally increases the breakdown and burning voltages.

The presence of impurities can be observed by changes in the glow color of the gas.

), brings impurities to the surface of the liquid, which are further drawn out due to the presence of acid from the tomatoes.

However, in practice the utility of this method is limited, as the presence of small amounts of highly rotating impurities can greatly affect the rotation of a given sample.

Thus chain length and rate of propagation are negatively impacted by the presence of impurities in the reaction.

Because entropic effects favor the presence of some imperfections in the microstructure of solids, such as impurities, inhomogeneous strain and crystallographic defects such as dislocations, perfect single crystals of meaningful size are exceedingly rare in nature, and are also difficult to produce in the laboratory, though they can be made under controlled conditions.

Birth defects caused by these teratogenic agents have a range of pathological processes that are determined prior to conception, due to the presence of inherited or newly acquired genetic abnormalities.

However, it is dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.

The presence of other defects within a crystal may entangle dislocations or otherwise prevent them from gliding.

A sample of amniotic fluid is removed by amniocentesis, and presence of AChE can confirm several common types of birth defect, including abdominal wall defects and neural tube defects.

The inquiry covered possible explosion scenarios involving sabotage, faulty fueling procedures, failure of the moorings of the Quinault Victory, defects in munitions, the presence of a super sensitive element in the ordnance, problems with steam winches and rigging, rough handling by loaders and organizational problems within the base.

The presence of an omphalocele is often associated with cardiac defects.

The company ’ s product portfolio includes In-Sight, a vision system that combines a camera, software and processor into one compact unit ; VisionPro vision software ; Checker, a single-purpose vision sensor used to provide high performance at certain common vision tasks, such as checking for the presence or absence of parts and features ; DataMan, a family of fixed mount and handheld ID readers used to identify and track items by reading 1D and 2D Data Matrix codes ; and SmartView, a vision system used to detect defects in materials such as metal, paper, and nonwovens that are manufactured at high speeds on a web.

Using different types of genetic studies, it has been established that diverse kinds of defects are able to activate de SAC: spindle depolimerization, the presence of dicentric chromosomes ( with two centromeres ), centromeres segregating in an aberrant way, defects in the spindle pole bodies in S. cerevisiae, defects in the kinetochore proteins, mutations in the centromeric DNA or defects in the molecular motors active during mitosis.

Crystalline nanoparticles are also of interest because they often provide single-domain crystalline systems that can be studied to provide information that can help explain the behaviour of macroscopic samples of similar materials, without the complicating presence of grain boundaries and other defects.

The presence of both haplogroups in Europe means that recombination between inverted haplotypes can result in the lack of one of the functioning copy of the gene, resulting in congenital defects.

It is important to determine the presence of any associated defects during the newborn period in order to treat them early and avoid further sequelae.

# the presence of defects to the perfect lattice

An interesting feature of these models is the presence of thermally generated topological defects.

They were used to generate Turing patterns in order to understand the situations in which they form, the different types of patterns which can emerge, and the presence of defects or asymmetries.

In addition to finding and indicating the presence of defects ( i. e., the test fails ), tests may be able to log diagnostic information about the nature of the encountered test fails.

In early life these rarely cause any difficulties, although the presence of these defects on a chest x-ray may alert the physician to other defects associated with VACTERL.