A favorite of his paternal grandfather Andronikos II in the later years of his reign.

During his reign, Claudius revived the rumor that his father Drusus was actually the illegitimate son of Augustus, to give the false appearance that Augustus was Claudius ' paternal grandfather.

Due to a combination of ( 1 ) the traditions of dynastic succession in Aragon, which permitted maternal inheritance with no precedence for female rule ; ( 2 ) the insanity of Charles's mother, Joanna of Castile ; and ( 3 ) the insistence by his remaining grandfather, Maximilian I, that he take up his royal titles, Charles initiated his reign in Castile and Aragon, a union which evolved into Spain, in conjunction with his mother.

He started his reign with the intention of doing for the navy what his grandfather Wilhelm I had done for the army.

Mehmed I also completed the mosque at Bursa, which his grandfather Murad I had commenced, but which had been neglected during in reign of Bayezid.

A third Midas is said by Herodotus to have been a member of the royal house of Phrygia and the grandfather of an Adrastus who fled Phrygia after accidentally killing his brother and took asylum in Lydia during the reign of Croesus.

Arms of King Richard I adopted towards the end of his reign, a version of the lion emblems or recognizance used on the shield of his grandfather Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou ( d. 1151 ), which became fixed during his reign as the Royal Arms of England: Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale or

An Amorite named Abi-ramu or Abram was the father of a witness to a deed dated to the reign of Hammurabi's grandfather ; Ammi-Ditana, great-grandson of Hammurabi, still titled himself " king of the land of the Amorites ".

His reign has been overlooked and overshadowed by the achievements of his grandfather, Alfred the Great, but he is now regarded as one of the greatest kings of the West Saxon dynasty.

In the charter Olaf agreed to meet with the Danehof at least once a year and return properties his grandfather Valdemar IV had confiscated during his reign.

He was born shortly after Livia divorced Tiberius Nero and married Augustus ( 17 January, 38 BC ), giving rise to rumours that Augustus was the real father, although this is widely discredited by modern historians as Augustus had not yet met Livia when Drusus would have been conceived ( During his reign, Claudius revived this rumor to give the impression that Augustus was his paternal grandfather in addition to being his maternal great-uncle ).

If he had married Silvia during the reign of his grandfather, King Gustaf VI Adolf, he would have lost his position as heir-apparent to the Swedish throne.

Philip had clear intentions to try to control the Spanish currency, which had become increasingly unstable during the reign of his father and grandfather, but in practice, inflation soared.

João Maria José Francisco Xavier de Paula Luís António Domingos Rafael was born, during the reign of his grandfather, Joseph I of Portugal, the second son of the future Queen Maria I and her husband ( who was also her uncle ), the future King Peter III.

Until the reign of Jugurtha's grandfather Masinissa, the people of Numidia were semi-nomadic and indistinguishable from the other Libyans in North Africa.

Manuel Maria Filipe Carlos Amélio Luís Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Eugénio de Bragança was born in the last year of the reign of his grandfather, King Luís I ; he was the third child, and last son, born to Carlos I of Portugal and Amélie of Orleans in the Palace of Belém, Lisbon, seven months before his father ascended the Portuguese throne.

* 1168 ( Nin ' an 3, 19th day of the 2nd month ): In the 3rd year of Rokujō-tennō's reign ( 六条天皇3年 ), the emperor was deposed by his grandfather, and the succession (‘‘ senso ’’) was received by his cousin, the third son of the retired-Emperor Go-Shirakawa.

* 1168 ( Nin ' an 3, 19th day of the 2nd month ): In the 3rd year of Rokujō-tennō's reign ( 六条天皇3年 ), the emperor was deposed by his grandfather, and the succession (‘‘ senso ’’) was received by his cousin, the third son of the retired-Emperor Go-Shirakawa.

Amongst his historical works was a history eulogising the reign and achievements of his grandfather, Basil I.

Opium had started to trickle into China during the reign of his great grandfather Emperor Yongzheng but was limited to approximately 200 chests annually.

In October 1795, in the 60th year of his reign, the Qianlong Emperor announced his intention to abdicate in favor of Prince Jia: he did not think it proper to rule longer than his grandfather, the late Kangxi Emperor.

On 8 February, he abdicated in favor of his son, the Jiaqing Emperor – a filial act in order not to reign longer than his grandfather, the illustrious Kangxi Emperor.

His grandfather, also Sir John Oldcastle, was Herefordshire's MP during the latter part of the reign of King Richard II.

Effective administrative authority during the reign of Andronikos III was wielded by his megas domestikos John Kantakouzenos, while the Emperor enjoyed himself hunting or waging war.

Washington Irving, a prominent American writer with a European reputation, was approached by John Jacob Astor to mythologize the three-year reign of his Pacific Fur Company.

The traditional theory holds that John the Apostle — considered to have written the Gospel and the epistles of John — was exiled on Patmos in the Aegean archipelago during the reign of Domitian, and there wrote Revelation.

Edward Bishop Elliott, in the Horae Apocalypticae ( 1862 ), argues that John wrote the book in exile on Patmos " at the close of the reign of Domitian ; that is near the end of the year 95 or beginning of 96 ".

Eleanor survived Richard and lived well into the reign of her youngest son John.

The first signs of a new literary movement had appeared at the end of the second decade of Elizabeth's reign, with John Lyly's Euphues and Edmund Spenser's The Shepheardes Calender in 1578.

In 1212 during the reign of his brother John Lackland the Kingdom instead became a tribute-paying vassal of the Holy See until the 16th century when Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church.

Over the course of his reign a combination of higher taxes, unsuccessful wars and conflict with the Pope had made King John unpopular with his barons, and in 1215 some of the most important decided to rebel against him.

A silver Indo-Portuguese coin featuring a standing figure facing right with flag struck for and minted in Goa during the reign of John IV of Portugal | John IV.

Chronicler John Malalas, who lived during the reign of Justinian, tells of his appearance that he was short, fair skinned, curly haired, round faced and handsome.

Faced with large debts accumulated during the reign of his father, John George instituted a grain tax which drove part of the peasantry into dependence on a nobility that was exempt from taxation.

For the remaining years of Richard's reign, John supported his brother on the continent, apparently loyally.

John levied scutage payments eleven times in his seventeen years as king, as compared to eleven times in total during the reign of the preceding three monarchs.

During the remainder of his reign, John focused on trying to retake Normandy.

John began his reign by reasserting his sovereignty over the disputed northern counties.

John remained Lord of Ireland throughout his reign.

Innocent benefited from the resolution of his long-standing English problem, but John probably gained more, as Innocent became a firm supporter of John for the rest of his reign, backing him in both domestic and continental policy issues.

John Foxe's Foxe's Book of Martyrs | Book of Martyrs, officially titled Acts and Monuments, which took a positive view of John's reign

The Tridentine Calendar also had on 6 May a feast of " St John before the Latin Gate ", associated with a tradition recounted by Saint Jerome that St John was brought to Rome during the reign of the Emperor Domitian, and was thrown in a vat of boiling oil, from which he was miraculously preserved unharmed.

Historian John Morris made the putative reign of Arthur the organising principle of his history of sub-Roman Britain and Ireland, The Age of Arthur ( 1973 ).