As summarized by philosopher John Searle, de Saussure established that ' I understand the sentence " the cat is on the mat " the way I do because I know how it would relate to an indefinite — indeed infinite — set of other sentences, " the dog is on the mat ," " the cat is on the couch ," etc.

In the same way that it means the same as my dog in the sentence My dog was hungry, so I fed it, That's true is supposed to mean the same as It's raining — if you say the latter and I then say the former.

* Moreover, if only one item is possessed, the rule against distribution of the joint possessive introduces ambiguity ( unless the context happens to resolve it ): read in light of a rule requiring distribution, the sentence " Jason and Sue's dog died after being hit by a bus " makes clear that the dog belonged to Sue alone and that Jason survived or was not involved, whereas a rule prohibiting distribution forces ambiguity as to both whether Jason ( co -) owned the dog and whether he was killed.

Similarly, in the sentence At the age of eight, my family finally bought a dog, the modifier At the age of eight " dangles ," attaching to no named person or thing ( or possibly seems to imply that the family was eight years old when it bought the dog, rather than the intended meaning of giving the narrator's age at the time ).

In 1924, Pennsylvania Governor Gifford Pinchot allegedly sentenced Pep " The Cat-Murdering Dog " ( an actual dog ) to a life sentence at Eastern State.

The resulting sentence could be The dog ate the bone.

The first sentence is about the dog, while the second is about the little girl.

Take as an example of an indefinite description the sentence " some dog is annoying ".

For example " The dog ran " is an atomic sentence in natural language, whereas " The dog ran and the cat hid.

" Here a compound-complex sentence has two independent clauses (" The dog barked at me " and " It bit my hand ") and one dependent clause you gave me ".

For example, the sentence This little girl, the dog bit her has the same meaning as The dog bit this little girl but it emphasizes that the little girl ( and not the dog ) is the topic of interest ; one might expect the next sentence to be She needs to see a doctor, rather than It needs to be leashed.

In November 1995, a month after she received her first death sentence, a dog led police to find a human skull with a bullet hole buried under Frank's house.

This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, dog, and one predicate, barked and howled at the cat.

In these terms, the syntactic parse of the sentence John ate every bagel would consist of a subject ( John ) and a predicate ( ate every bagel ); Montague showed that the meaning of the sentence as a whole could be decomposed into the meanings of its parts and relatively few rules of combination.

For example, to create the sentence, The dogs ate the meat, the word dogs is inserted after a noun root with the meaning combines with a feature.

For instance, in the sentence Fergus ate the kibble, the fact that there are two arguments ( Fergus and the kibble ) and Fergus must be capable of volition and doing the action and the kibble must be something that can be eaten is a fact about theta roles ( the number and type of the argument ).

One resolution of this problem is that ' they ' refers to all the children, but the second sentence semantically excludes the children who ate ice cream, since children who ate their ice cream cannot throw it around the room.

For example, in the sentence " Jack ate the cheese ", " the cheese " is the patient.

For example, it in the example from the previous paragraph is a dummy pronoun, but it in the sentence I bought a sandwich and ate it is a referential pronoun ( referring to the sandwich ).

With this seven-word sentence -- though the speaker undoubtedly thought he was dealing only with the subject of food -- he was telling things about himself and, in the last two examples, revealing that he had departed from the customs of his culture.

A miracle occurred and the food she was carrying ( which would have earned her a death sentence ), turned into a garland of roses.

For example, to say that " Mary is a morally good person " might involve a different sense of " good " than the one used in the sentence " Wow, that was some good food ".

It was also commonly used as prison food for inmates in the UK prison system and so " doing porridge " became a slang term for a sentence in prison.

He began writing during a three-week prison sentence, after being convicted of stealing some food.

* José Bové, a radical French activist against genetically modified food, is released from prison after serving only five weeks of a 10-month jail sentence.

Killed during a cafeteria food fight at MS Robo Penitentiary while serving a life sentence for the murder of Eargernon.

Commonly-cited examples of dog-whistle politics include civil rights-era use of the phrase " forced busing ," used to enable a person to imply opposition to racial integration without them needing to say so explicitly ; the state of Georgia's adoption, in 1956, of a flag visually similar to the Confederate battle flag, itself understood by many to be a dog-whistle for racism ; the phrase " Southern strategy ," used by the Republican Party in the 1960s to describe plans to gain influence in the South by appealing to people's racism ; Ronald Reagan, on the campaign trail in 1980, saying in Mississippi " I believe in states ' rights " ( a sentence the New Statesman later described as " perhaps the archetypal dog-whistle statement "), described as implying Reagan believed that states should be allowed, if they want, to retain racial segregation ; Reagan's use of the term " welfare queens ," said to be designed to rouse racial resentment among white working-class voters against minorities ; a 2008 TV ad for Republican presidential candidate John McCain called " The One ," which observers said dog-whistled to evangelical Christians who believed Obama might be the Antichrist ; a Tea Party spokeswoman saying President Obama " doesn't love America like we do ," thought to be an allusion to Obama's race and to the birth certificate controversy, and Republicans frequently emphasizing Obama's middle name for the same reason ; an aide to 2012 Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney saying Romney would be a better President than Obama because Romney understood the " shared Anglo-Saxon heritage " of the United States and the United Kingdom ; former Republican presidential candidate Newt Gingrich and 2012 Republican vice presidential nominee Paul Ryan, and others, calling Obama " the food stamps president " said to be a way of exploiting stereotypes among racially resentful white voters who see food stamps as unearned giveaways to minorities.

Those people included food distributors and food store managers, who in turn provided Starostin with unlimited food supply during the war time, when food shortages were common ( according to the sentence, food store manager Zvyozdkin gave Starostin 60 kilograms of butter and 50 kilograms of meat products ).

This was developed into the language " E-Prime " by D. David Bourland, Jr. 15 years after his death ( E-Prime a form of the English language in which the verb " to be " does not appear in any of its forms ; for example, the sentence " the movie was good " could translate into E-Prime as " I liked the movie ", thereby distinguishing opinion from fact ).

Some think that the " Pay Lay Ale " sentence is derived from the Hebrew phrase " pe le-El ", פה לאל ' mouth to God '.

In the sentence " Sam appears to be happy ", " appears " is a copula.

In a Sanskrit sentence like, " sound is impermanent ", " sound " is the bearer of the property " impermanence ".

Likewise, in the sentence, " here, there is a pot ", " here " is the bearer of the property " pot-existence " – this shows that the categories of property and property-bearer are closer to those of a logical predicate and its subject-term, and not to a grammatical predicate and subject.

Furthermore, adding " exists " to " a wise man ", to give the complete sentence " a wise man exists " has the same effect as joining " some man " to " wise " using the copula.

Thus, in the sentence " There exists a man ", the term " man " is asserted to be part of existence.

However, this argument may be inverted by realists in arguing that since the sentence " Socrates is wise " can be rewritten as " Socrates has wisdom ", this proves the existence of a hidden referent for " wise ".

However, similar words with a different meaning are also quite common ( e. g., German bekommen means " to receive ", not " to become ", and is thus a false friend, which could lead a German English learner to utter an embarrassing sentence like: " I want to become a beefsteak .").

Kennedy used the phrase twice in his speech, ending with it, and pronouncing the sentence with his Boston accent, reading from his note " ish bin ein Bearleener ", which he had written out in English phonetics.

Alfred Tarski diagnosed the paradox as arising only in languages that are " semantically closed ", by which he meant a language in which it is possible for one sentence to predicate truth ( or falsehood ) of another sentence in the same language ( or even of itself ).

The sentence referred to is part of the " object language ", while the referring sentence is considered to be a part of a " meta-language " with respect to the object language.

Roughly speaking, in proving the first incompleteness theorem, Gödel used a slightly modified version of the liar paradox, replacing " this sentence is false " with " this sentence is not provable ", called the " Gödel sentence G ".

For example, in the first sentence of this paragraph, the word " viewed " serves as a metaphor for " thought of ", implying analogy of the process of seeing and the thought process.

The units of grammar formed a " hierarchy ", a scale from " largest " to " smallest " which he proposed as: " sentence ", " clause ", " group / phrase ", " word " and " morpheme ".

For example, in a sentence such as " He entered John's house through the front door ", " the front door " is a referring expression and the bridging relationship to be identified is the fact that the door being referred to is the front door of John's house ( rather than of some other structure that might also be referred to ).

He added the final sentence of the novel, " He never saw Molly again ", at the last minute in a deliberate attempt to prevent himself from ever writing a sequel, but ended up doing precisely that with Count Zero ( 1986 ), a character-focused work set in the Sprawl alluded to in its predecessor.