Ejnar Hertzsprung establishes the standard for measuring the true brightness of a star.

Alphabets often come to be associated with a standard ordering of their letters, which can then be used for purposes of collation – namely for the listing of words and other items in what is called alphabetical order.

This was not a standard in a modern technical sense – it was the social standard of " upper class " speech.

The most transparent definition of this standard comes from the Maxwell – Boltzmann distribution.

* 1971 – President Richard Nixon completes the break from the gold standard by ending convertibility of the United States dollar into gold by foreign investors.

* 1745 – Prince Charles Edward Stuart raises his standard in Glenfinnan – the start of the Second Jacobite Rebellion, known as " the 45 ".

Selection by lottery was the standard means as it was regarded as the more democratic: elections would favour those who were rich, noble, eloquent and well-known, while allotment spread the work of administration throughout the whole citizen body, engaging them in the crucial democratic experience of, to use Aristotle's words, " ruling and being ruled in turn " ( Politics 1317b28 – 30 ).

The standard for these progress reports is in 2: 46 – 47, where Luke describes the impact of the gospel on the new church in Jerusalem.

* AIFF – standard audio file format used by Apple.

* Au – the standard audio file format used by Sun, Unix and Java.

* wav – standard audio file container format used mainly in Windows PCs.

Today the harmonized ISO / IEC 80000-13: 2008 – Quantities and units — Part 13: Information science and technology standard cancels and replaces subclauses 3. 8 and 3. 9 of IEC 60027-2: 2005, namely those related to Information theory and Prefixes for binary multiples.

Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances ( using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from 2400 – 2480 MHz ) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks ( PANs ) with high levels of security.

The effort was sufficiently complete that during the summer of 1973 the Unix kernel for the PDP-11 was rewritten in C. During the 1972 – 73 period there was a need to port to Honeywell 635 and IBM 360 / 370 machines, so Mike Lesk wrote the " portable I / O package " which would become the C " standard I / O " routines.

As far back as the Qin Dynasty ( 221 BC – 206 BC ), the government required blacksmiths and weapon-makers to engrave their names onto weapons in order to trace the weapons back to them, lest their weapons should prove to be of a lower quality than the standard required by the government.

The contributions of Kurt Gödel in 1940 and Paul Cohen in 1963 showed that the hypothesis can neither be disproved nor be proved using the axioms of Zermelo – Fraenkel set theory, the standard foundation of modern mathematics, provided ZF set theory is consistent.

* Camber-Lift – This marketing name was used to describe Cessna aircraft wings starting in 1972 when the aerodynamics designers at Cessna added a slightly drooped leading edge to the standard NACA 2412 airfoil used on most of the light aircraft fleet.

A codec ( the program ) should not be confused with a coding or compression format or standard – a format is a document ( the standard ), a way of storing data, while a codec is a program ( an implementation ) which can read or write such files.

Starting in the 1880s, and more significantly by the mid-20th century, CGS was gradually superseded internationally for scientific purposes by the MKS ( metre – kilogram – second ) system, which in turn developed into the modern SI standard.

The three classes are groups of GF ( 2 ) type ( classified mainly by Timmesfeld ), groups of " standard type " for some odd prime ( classified by the Gilman – Griess theorem and work by several others ), and groups of uniqueness type, where a result of Aschbacher implies that there are no simple groups.

For the remainder of the decade, none of her solo efforts – even " In the Good Old Days ( When Times Were Bad )", which later became a standard – were as successful as her duets with Wagoner.

Russell County ( standard abbreviation: RS ) is a county located in the U. S. state of Kansas.

A rock and roll standard, since its original release " Heartbreak Hotel " has been covered by several rock and pop acts, including Willie Nelson and Leon Russell, who recorded a duet version that topped the Country charts in 1979.

The Jack Russell is a broad type, with a size range of, the Parson Russell is limited only to a middle range with a standard size of, while the Russell terrier is smaller at, however each breed has different physical proportions according to the standards of their breed clubs.

The Fox Terrier Club was formed in 1875 with Russell as one of the founder members ; its breed standard was aspiration and not a description of how the breed appeared then.

Although the application was initially rejected, a new standard was created for the PJRTCGB based on the standard of the SEJRTC, and under that standard the breed was recognised by the Kennel Club in 1990 as the Parson Jack Russell terrier.

Under the AKC recognised standard, the size of the breed was narrowed from the previous club's standard and the name of the AKC recognised Jack Russell terrier was changed to Parson Russell terrier, with the Jack Russell Terrier Breeders Association renamed to the Parson Russell Terrier Association of America.

The height of a Parson Russell at the withers according to the breed standard is which places it within the range of the Jack Russell Terrier Club of America's standard size for a Jack Russell of.

However the Parson Russell is a conformation show standard whereas the Jack Russell standard is a more general working standard.

Once nuclear fusion of hydrogen becomes the dominant energy production process and the excess energy gained from gravitational contraction has been lost, the star lies along a curve on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram ( or HR diagram ) called the standard main sequence.

The symbol used for a resistor in a circuit diagram varies from standard to standard and country to country.

A diagram plotting mass against charge for the six quarks of the standard model, and depicting the various decay routes due to the weak interaction and some indication of their likelihood.

The effect of this type of tax can be illustrated on a standard supply and demand diagram.

On a standard supply and demand diagram, consumer surplus is the area ( triangular if the supply and demand curves are linear ) above the equilibrium price of the good and below the demand

The usual economic analysis of externalities can be illustrated using a standard supply and demand diagram if the externality can be valued in terms of money.

The mechanism of the high explosive lens ( diagram item # 6 ) is not shown in the Swedish drawing, but a standard lens made of fast and slow high explosives, as in Fat Man, would be much longer than the shape depicted.

This General Land Office diagram shows the theoretical sectioning of a standard survey township.

A diagram of the 7-layer OSI model with the modifications made by the 802. 11 standard and the 802. 11e amendment.

Umbrello handles all the standard UML diagram types.

Similarly, in UML, a standard concept-modeling notation used in software development, the activity diagram, which is a type of flowchart, is just one of many different diagram types.

A pictorial circuit diagram uses simple images of components, while a schematic diagram shows the components of the circuit as simplified standard symbols ; both types show the connections between the devices, including power and signal connections.

When trying to calibrate the Hubble diagram with accurate supernova standard candles, observational evidence for dark energy was obtained in the late 1990s.

A skew tableau of shape / is obtained by filling the squares of the corresponding skew diagram ; such a tableau is semistandard if entries increase weakly along each row, and increase strictly down each column, and it is standard if moreover all numbers from 1 to the number of squares of the skew diagram occur exactly once.

Airflow diagram for Aerodyne cyclone in standard vertical position.

Fig 1: Exploded diagram showing QDEF integration into a standard LCD display

In the standard link diagram, the Borromean rings are ordered non-transitively, in a cyclic order.

The diagram shows how the impact forces of real climbing ropes under standard UIAA fall conditions relate to their measured dynamic elongations.

A standard deviation diagram.