His early operas ( Gli equivoci nel sembiante 1679 ; L ’ honestà negli amori 1680, containing the famous aria " Già il sole dal Gange "; Il Pompeo 1683, containing the well-known airs " O cessate di piagarmi " and " Toglietemi la vita ancor ," and others down to about 1685 ) retain the older cadences in their recitatives, and a considerable variety of neatly constructed forms in their charming little arias, accompanied sometimes by the string quartet, treated with careful elaboration, sometimes with the continuo alone.

The later Neapolitan operas ( L ' amor volubile e tiranno 1709 ; La principessa fedele 1710 ; Tigrane, 1714, & c .) are showy and effective rather than profoundly emotional ; the instrumentation marks a great advance on previous work, since the main duty of accompanying the voice is thrown upon the string quartet, the harpsichord being reserved exclusively for the noisy instrumental ritornelli.

A string trio consists of three players, a string quartet four, a string quintet five, and so on.

" After a string quartet ," Martin explains, " I do not think there is a satisfactory sound for strings until one has at least three players on each line ... as a rule two stringed instruments together create a slight " beat " which does not give a smooth sound.

Ralph Vaughan Williams produced his most famous settings of six songs, the cycle On Wenlock Edge, for string quartet, tenor and piano ( dedicated to Gervase Elwes ) in 1909, and it became very popular after Elwes recorded it with the London String Quartet and Frederick B. Kiddle in 1917.

Butterworth's death on the Somme in 1916 was considered a great loss to English music ; Ivor Gurney, another most important setter of Housman ( Ludlow and Teme, a work for voice and string quartet, and a song-cycle on Housman works, both of which won the Carnegie Award ) experienced emotional breakdowns which were popularly ( but wrongly ) believed to have originated from shell-shock.

The String Quartet No. 5 was composed in 1934, and the sixth and last string quartet in 1939.

A string quartet

Importance was given to instrumental music — the main kinds were sonata, trio, string quartet, symphony, concerto, serenade and divertimento.

He took existing ideas, and radically altered how they functioned — earning him the titles " father of the symphony ," and " father of the string quartet.

This process placed a premium on chamber music for more public performance, giving a further boost to the string quartet and other small ensemble groupings.

* List of string quartet composers

Amongst other pioneers, the musical chemists Lejaren Hiller and Leonard Isaacson worked on a series of algorithmic composition experiments from 1956-9, manifested in the 1957 premiere of the Illiac Suite for string quartet.

The piece is Movement II ( Poco adagio ) of Opus 76 No. 3, a string quartet often called the " Emperor " or " Kaiser " quartet.

Since there is no established instrumental ensemble that includes the double bass, its use in chamber music has not been as exhaustive as the literature for ensembles such as the string quartet or piano trio.

Slightly larger sextets written for piano, string quartet, and double bass have been written by Felix Mendelssohn, Mikhail Glinka, Richard Wernick, and Charles Ives.

In the genre of string quintets, there are a few works for string quartet with double bass.

The opera was the first in which Rossini wrote out the ornaments of the airs instead of leaving them to the fancy of the singers, and also the first in which the recitativo secco was replaced by a recitative accompanied by a string quartet.

He is credited with the earliest string quartet.

Puccini also wrote orchestral pieces, sacred music, chamber music and songs for voice and piano, most notably his 1880 mass Messa di gloria and his 1890 string quartet Crisantemi.

This may have given him the confidence finally to complete a number of works that he had wrestled with over many years, such as the cantata Rinaldo, his first string quartet, third piano quartet, and most notably his first symphony.

* The concatenation of the three strings,, can be computed by concatenating the first two strings ( giving ) and appending the third string (), or by joining the second and third string ( giving ) and concatenating the first string () with the result.

The two methods produce the same result ; string concatenation is associative ( but not commutative ).

The 12-string guitar replaces each single string with a course of two strings.

" This " split pickup ", introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups ( Fender was marketing a four string solid body electric mandolin at the time ).

In the following example, a program has defined two data items which are adjacent in memory: an 8-byte-long string buffer, A, and a two-byte integer, B.

A supplementary thought experiment with the same objective of determining the occurrence of absolute rotation also was proposed by Newton: the example of observing two identical spheres in rotation about their center of gravity and tied together by a string.

Each string is a one-dimensional object, and the largest number of dimensions in which two strings will generically intersect ( and, presumably, annihilate ) is three.

The twelfth fret divides the string in two exact halves and the 24th fret ( if present ) divides the string in half yet again.

The function F is called universal if the following property holds: for every computable function f of a single variable there is a string w such that for all x, F ( w x ) = f ( x ); here w x represents the concatenation of the two strings w and x.

If the possibility of adding the empty string to a language is added to the strings recognized by the noncontracting grammars ( which can never include the empty string ) then the languages in these two definitions are identical.

There are two variants, one has a double string with a pocket for the projectile ; the other has a barrel with a slot for the string.

* The tension in a string joining two spheres rotating about their center of mass.

The halves contained the same set of data and were identical, except the upper half had two holes for a string or twine to go through.

inherits from a single class,, and contains two slots, holding a string for the window title, and holding an X-Y point for a corner of the window.

The double bass bow is strung with either white or black horsehair, or a combination of the two ( known as " salt and pepper "), as opposed to the customary white horsehair used on the bows of other string instruments.

The top of the instrument's fingerboard range is typically near the D two octaves and a fifth above the open pitch of the G string ( G4 ) as shown in the range illustration found at the head of this article.

Slightly smaller string works with the double bass include six string sonatas by Gioachino Rossini, for two violins, cello, and double bass written at the age of twelve over the course of three days in 1804.

The characterization of an ellipse as the locus of points so that sum of the distances to the foci is constant leads to a method of drawing one using two drawing pins, a length of string, and a pencil.

By the 19th century orchestral music in Europe had standardized the string section into the following homogeneous instrumental groups: first violins, second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses.

In the late 1960s, Roy Wood — guitarist, vocalist and songwriter of The Move — had an idea to form a new band that would use violins, cellos, string basses, horns and woodwinds to give their music a classical sound, taking rock music in the direction " that The Beatles had left off ".

Important from this period are six sonate a quattro, or string sonatas, composed in three days, unusually scored for two violins, cello and double bass.

Shaker Loops ( for string septet ) ( 1978 ): A " modular " composition for three violins, one viola, two cellos, and one bass, with a conductor.

* Strings: Robert Barene, Arnold Belnick, James Getzoff, Marshall Sosson, Darrel Terwilliger ( violins ); Norman Botnick ( viola ); Jesse Ehrlich ( cello ); Chuck Berghofer ( string bass )

A string quartet usually consists of two violins, a viola and a cello.

An upper string quartet features two violins and two violas.

Mozart's Clarinet Quintet is similarly a piece written for an ensemble consisting of 2 violins, a viola, a cello and a clarinet, the last being the exceptional addition to a " normal " string quartet.

A string orchestra has only strings, i. e., violins, violas, cellos and basses.

In the string family, there are sections of violins ( I and II ), violas, cellos, and basses.

* Scroll ( music ), the decoratively curved end of the pegbox of string instruments such as violins

* Malcolm Arnold's concerto for piano duet and strings, as well as his concerto for two violins and string orchestra

* Bohuslav Martinu's concerto for string quartet, concertino for piano trio and string orchestra, two concertante duos for two violins, concerto for two pianos, sinfonia concertante No. 2 for violin, cello, oboe, bassoon and orchestra with piano, and his concerto for violin and piano.

Because it contains all the integer harmonics, it is one of the best waveforms to use for subtractive synthesis of musical sounds, particularly bowed string instruments like violins and cellos, since the slip-stick behavior of the bow drives the strings with a sawtooth-like motion.

Local ensembles use string instruments like violins and a cello to play a distinctive scale called the Lydian mode.

At that time they usually played a form of jazz that involved very little improvisation, which included a string section with violins, which was dropped after the introduction of swing in 1935.

Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band ", ( Neil Sanders, James W. Buck, John Burden, Tony Randall ), arranged and conducted by Martin and McCartney ; string section and harp on " She's Leaving Home ", arranged by Mike Leander and conducted by Martin ; harmonium, tabla, sitar, dilruba, eight violins and four cellos on " Within You, Without You ", arranged and conducted by Harrison and Martin ; clarinet trio on " When I'm Sixty Four ", as arranged and conducted by Martin and McCartney ; saxophone sextet on " Good Morning, Good Morning ", arranged and conducted by Martin and Lennon ; and forty-piece orchestra ( strings, brass, woodwinds and percussion ) on " A Day in the Life ", arranged by Martin, Lennon and McCartney and conducted by Martin and McCartney

The traditional charanga format consists of congas, timbales, bass, piano, flute, and a string section of violins, viola, and cello.

In European classical music, a piano quintet is a work of chamber music written for piano and four other instruments, most commonly piano, two violins, viola, and cello ( i. e., piano and string quartet ).

The scheme was later expanded by Martin Agricola, who distinguished plucked string instruments, such as guitars, from bowed string instruments, such as violins.