11th century Hebrew Bible with targum, perhaps from Tunisia, found in Iraq: part of the Schoyen Collection | Schøyen Collection.

The targumim ( singular: " targum ", ), were spoken paraphrases, explanations, and expansions of the Jewish scriptures that a Rabbi would give in the common language of the listeners, which during the time of this practice was commonly, but not exclusively, Aramaic.

Writing down the targum was prohibited, nevertheless some targumatic writings appeared as early as the middle of the first century AD.

These two targumim are mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud as targum dilan (" our Targum "), giving them official status.

In Yemen, however, rather than abandoning the Aramaic targum during the public reading of the Torah, it was supplemented by a third version, namely the translation of the Torah into Arabic by Saadia Gaon ( called the Tafsir, though this Gaon was born in prominently Jewish at the time Sura Iraq, Babylon, moved to Egypt, arguably lead those two communities, and died in Jaffa ancestral Israel, he was not known to have ever been to the Jewish villages of Yemen.

An official targum was in fact unnecessary for Ketuvim because its books played no fixed liturgical role.

From the Land of Israel, the tradition of targum to Ketuvim made its way to Italy, and from there to medieval Ashkenaz and Sepharad.

) The targum of Chronicles is quite late, possibly medieval, and is attributed to a Rabbi Joseph.

Scholars refer to this targum as Targum Pseudo-Jonathan.

To attribute this targum to Jonathan ben Uzziel flatly contradicts the talmudic tradition ( Megillah 3a ), which quite clearly attributes the targum to Nevi ' im alone to him, while stating that there is no official targum to Ketuvim.

In the same printed versions, a similar fragment targum is correctly labeled as Targum Yerushalmi.

Unfortunately, these manuscripts are all too fragmented to confirm what their purpose were, but they seem to be either the remains of a single complete targum or short variant readings of another targum.

As a group, they often share theological views and with Targum Neofiti, which has led to the belief that they could be variant readings of that targum.

Brady at http :// www. targum. info / meg / tglam. htm.

There is, however, no " official " eastern ( Babylonian ) targum to Ketuvim, equivalent to Targum Onkelos on the Torah and Targum Jonathan on Nevi ' im.

The two heads of the schools also rise, and the gaon of Sura recites the targum to the passage read by the exilarch.

Targum Onkelos ( or Unkelus ), is the official eastern ( Babylonian ) targum ( Aramaic translation ) to the Torah.

The Targum appears as digital text in two different user-friendly versions: ( 1 ) The Aramaic targum text with vowels can be viewed in its entirety on its own, either book-by-book or chapter by chapter.

( 2 ) The Aramaic targum can be viewed verse-by-verse parallel to the Hebrew text, within files that contain one weekly portion ( parshat ha-shavua ) at a time.

According to Partridge ( 1972: 12 ), it dates from around 1840 and arose in the East End of London, however John Camden Hotten in his 1859 Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant and Vulgar Words states that ( English ) rhyming slang originated " about twelve or fifteen years ago " ( i. e. in the 1840s ) with ' chaunters ' and ' patterers ' in the Seven Dials area of London.

This miracle is said to have been performed on the same day on which the three men were cast into the fiery furnace ; namely, on the Sabbath and the Day of Atonement ( Cant.

or Cant.

Unwilling to send back his warlike companions to their wives, families, and possessions in Britain, he conferred upon them numerous districts from the lake on the summit of Mons lovis, to the city called Cant Guic, and to the western Tumulus, that is Cruc Occident.

He was baptised ( on 1 January 1686 ) as William Cant.

The Sheep Rock Unit of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, including the Thomas Condon Paleontology Center and the James Cant Ranch Historic District and museum, are miles north of Picture Gorge along Route 19.

Dr. McGuire is shown dealing with an elderly couple, Margaret ( Patricia Greene ) and her husband Derek Richmond ( Brian Cant ), who is suffering from the onset of Alzheimer's Disease.

* M. A. Ozols, K. A. Eastaughffe, and A. Cant.

" Suiting the action to the word, Cyrus and Darius grasped a heavy ornament forming part of a candelabrum, and with it shattered the skull of their royal master ( Cant.

( Compare " the roes and the hinds ," Cant.

Cant.

It is widely known as the Cant, to its native speakers in Ireland as Gammon and to the linguistic community as Shelta.

People outside the community often know the language as ( the ) Cant, the etymology of which is still a matter of debate.

Speakers of the language also refer to it as ( the ) Cant, Gammon or Tarri.

Variants of the above names and additional names include: Bog Latin, Caintíotar, Gammon, Sheldru, Shelter, Shelteroch, Pavee, the Ould Thing, Tinker's Cant.

English Shelta is increasingly suffering from anglicization whereas American Irish-Traveller's Cant, originally also synonymous with Shelta, has by now been almost fully anglicized.

Showmen, as they are known, are proud of their heritage and have their own language, Parlyaree ( a mixture of Lingua Franca, Romani, Yiddish, Thieves ' Cant, sailor slang, and backslang ) e. g. words such as flatty or joskin ( meaning someone not from the showman community ).