Prior to its conception, laparoscopy was a surgical approach with very few applications, mainly for purposes of diagnosis and performance of simple procedures in gynecologic applications.

In 1947, the Freeman and Watts partnership ended, as the latter was disgusted by Freeman's modification of the lobotomy from a surgical operation into a simple " office " procedure.

For simple cases of cystic echinococcosis, the most common form of treatment is surgical removal of the cysts combined with chemotherapy using albendazole and / or mebendazole before and after surgery.

* Application of topical steroid cream, such as betamethasone, for 4 – 6 weeks to the narrow part of the foreskin is relatively simple, less expensive than surgical treatments and highly effective.

When corticosteroid injection fails, the problem is predictably resolved by a relatively simple surgical procedure ( usually outpatient, under local anesthesia ).

It is also difficult to use the double blind method to compare surgical and non-surgical interventions ( although sham surgery, involving a simple incision, might be ethically permitted ).

This traditional surgical canon is no longer followed, largely because of improvements in radiologic imaging of small bowel obstruction, which allow confident distinction between simple obstructions, that can be treated conservatively, and obstructions associated with surgical emergencies ( volvulus, closed-loop obstructions, ischemic bowel, incarcerated hernias, etc.

The surgical procedure is simple both for the surgeon, involving very few risks for the experienced ear surgeon.

He could remove cataracts by a surgical procedure known as couching, and was most famous for restoring the eyesight of King John in two simple operations.

In patients without any of the aforementioned complications, treatment involves surgical resection of the Meckel's diverticulum only, and this procedure is called a simple diverticulectomy.

Yet, although the Don Flap technique is a relatively simple surgical procedure, the most obvious disadvantages of the labia minora flap surgery include the need for restorative labiaplasty and cervical dilation to produce a vagina of adequate dimensions ( depth and width ).

A simple and useful knotted structure, the cow hitch has been known since at least the first century when described by Greek physician Heraklas in a monograph on surgical knots and slings.

In Die operative Chirurgie ( Operational Surgery, 1845 ), Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach ( 1794 – 1847 ) reported the first surgical approach for the correction of prominent ears — a combination otoplasty procedure that featured the simple excision ( cutting ) of the problematic excess cartilage from the posterior sulcus ( back groove ) of the ear, and the subsequent affixing, with sutures, of the corrected pinna to the mastoid periosteum, the membrane covering the mastoid process at the underside of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, at the back of the head.

Class I devices include simple devices such as arm slings and hand held surgical instruments.

However, the patient can typically walk on their own and perform simple physical tasks prior to this with caution, relying on the surgical fixation of the graft until true healing ( graft attachment to bone ) has taken place.

Extractions are often categorized as " simple " or " surgical ".

Dr. Cooper told the mutants that the tags were "... a harmless tracking device, inserted under the skin with a simple and painless surgical process.

In simple cases of obstruction, where there are no complications, a variety of non-surgical and surgical techniques are used to remove the enterolith.

that any procedure which could " naturally " be called effective, can in fact be realized by a ( simple ) machine.

There are two commonly used methods for assessing the level of consciousness of a patient: a simple procedure that requires minimal training, and a more complex procedure that requires substantial expertise.

The simple procedure begins by asking whether the patient is able to move and react to physical stimuli.

To verify the correctness of an FFT implementation, rigorous guarantees can be obtained in O ( N log N ) time by a simple procedure checking the linearity, impulse-response, and time-shift properties of the transform on random inputs ( Ergün, 1995 ).

In simple terms: Electrophoresis is a procedure which enables the sorting of molecules based on size.

This relatively simple chemical engineering procedure was utilized regularly in the 19th and 20th centuries, and would ensure that only 7 % of the return propellant would need to be carried to the surface of Mars.

This enables a very simple and coherent syntax where a complete program is syntactically nearly identical to a single procedure or function ( except for the keyword itself, of course.

More readably and idiomatically, one might use the following equivalent, which demonstrates a simple procedure definition and the use of the mathematical operators and:

Some of these RFCs would not be published at all today ; an early RFC was often just that: a simple request for comments, not intended to specify a protocol, administrative procedure, or anything else for which the RFC series is used today.

A typical example of a simple procedure would be reading data from a file and processing it:

The procedure to test this hypothesis would compare the track records of simple and comparatively complex explanations.

Experimental measurement of vapor pressure is a simple procedure for common pressures between 1 and 200 kPa.

For they … by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple ", and which recounts the parable of the Good Shepherd, and provides the procedure to be followed in dealing with those who err:

Gigerenzer instead proposes to examine simple alternatives to a full rationality analysis as a mechanism for decision-making, and he and his colleagues have shown that such simple heuristics frequently lead to better decisions than the theoretically optimal procedure.

simple: Parliamentary procedure

For a single-patient stay of short duration, an inexpensive disposable enema bag can be used for several days or weeks, using a simple rinse out procedure after each enema administration.

A learning procedure then generates a model that attempts to meet two sometimes conflicting objectives: Perform as well as possible on the training data, and generalize as well as possible to new data ( usually, this means being as simple as possible, for some technical definition of " simple ", in accordance with Occam's Razor ).

Tracheal intubation is not a simple procedure and the consequences of failure are grave.

Its main advantage was that the pilot was now able to take aim by pointing his aircraft at his target, a very simple and intuitive procedure, especially for the pilot of a single seat aircraft.

However, a loophole in the Constitution's amendment procedure meant that all amendments were in fact made by a simple Act of the Oireachtas ( parliament ).

Removal of a port is usually a simple outpatient procedure ; however, installation is more complex and a good implant is fairly dependent on the skill of the radiologist.

On her bureau lay a small, brass ornament of simple design and faded engraving -- an object which, Pamela believed now, had been the property of her great-grandfather, Major Hiram Munroe Culver.

In this domain the simple fact of coexistence in the same local, national, and world community is enough to guarantee that we cannot refrain from having some effect, large or small, upon Gentile-Jewish relations.

It is a simple task to haul a boat fifty or one hundred miles to a lake or reservoir on the new, light, strong, easy-to-operate trailers which are built to accommodate almost any kind of small boat and retail from $100 to $2,000.

The simple pragmatic success of the sociology of small groups needs to be questioned.

The developmental process involves the individual's progressively experiencing a sense of dignity and achievement resulting from having completed tasks, having kept commitments, and having created something ( however small or simple -- even a doll dress of one's own design rather than in the design `` it ought to be '' ).

" A small pilot study has found no benefit from packing of simple cutaneous abscesses.

The brain is small and simple in some species, such as nematode worms ; in other species, including vertebrates, it is the most complex organ in the body.

* Band society, a small group of humans in a simple form of society

The caecum is either absent or short and simple, and the colon is not sacculated or much wider than the small intestine.

With even a small amount of known or estimated plaintext, simple polyalphabetic substitution ciphers and letter transposition ciphers designed for pen and paper encryption are easy to crack.

The Cambrian Period marked a profound change in life on Earth ; prior to the Cambrian, living organisms on the whole were small, unicellular and simple.

Community building can use a wide variety of practices, ranging from simple events such as potlucks and small book clubs to larger – scale efforts such as mass festivals and construction projects that involve local participants rather than outside contractors.

During the Cenozoic, mammals proliferated from a few small, simple, generalized forms into a diverse collection of terrestrial, marine, and flying animals, giving this period its other name, the Age of Mammals, despite the fact that birds still outnumbered mammals two to one.

Each cart could have a simple hand or a small bull-dozer shovel, forming a basic robot.

Impact craters range from small, simple, bowl-shaped depressions to large, complex, multi-ringed impact basins.

In the short term, CERTs perform data gathering, especially to locate mass-casualties requiring professional response, or situations requiring professional rescues, simple fire-fighting tasks ( for example, small fires, turning off gas ), light search and rescue, damage evaluation of structures, triage and first aid.

The actual shape of the cairn varies from simple circular designs to elaborate ' forecourts ' protruding from each end, creating what look like small amphitheatres.

The simple groups of low 2-rank are mostly groups of Lie type of small rank over fields of odd characteristic, together with five alternating and seven characteristic 2 type and nine sporadic groups.

The simple groups of small 2-rank include:

The action is simple, with the keys being levers with a small brass tangent, a small piece of metal similar in shape and size to the head of a flat-bladed screwdriver, at the far end.

A flow in most small patches of the phase space can be made very simple.

There are many more small and simple projects than there are large and complex ones, yet historically only the largest and most complex have enjoyed the benefits of EVM.

These simple earning rules work well for small or simple projects because generally each activity tends to be fairly short in duration.