In this situation, the phase of the current lags that of the voltage by π / 2.

The ideal situation is to sweep the voltage at a frequency above the fluctuation frequency but still below the ion cyclotron frequency.

To further complicate matters, in process technologies such as silicon on insulator ( SOI ), devices display hysteresis — a circuit's performance is affected by the events of the past, so without carefully targeted tests it is possible for a particular sequence of state changes to work at overclocked rates in one situation but not another even if the voltage and temperature are the same.

The situation led to high voltage fluctuations and finally breakdown and emergency shutdown of the entire power supply.

In the off situation the voltage on the control grid is negative with respect to the cathode.

The only typical audio application where power delivery ( as opposed to voltage delivery ) is important is the situation mentioned above of an amplifier driving a loudspeaker.

This situation produces an additional phase shift of 90 ° between the AC voltage and the diode current

* A " dip " ( in British English ) or a " sag " ( in American English the two terms are equivalent ) is the opposite situation: the RMS voltage is below the nominal voltage by 10 to 90 % for 0. 5 cycle to 1 minute.

In this situation the analysis would be free from ascertainment bias and the pedigrees would be under " nontruncate selection " In practice, most studies identify, and include, families in a study based upon them having affected individuals.

# Attitudes: Ingrained bias towards different ideas, people, situation, and may affect how one acts towards these things.

Double-blind methods can be applied to any experimental situation where there is the possibility that the results will be affected by conscious or unconscious bias on the part of the experimenter.

In statistics, self-selection bias arises in any situation in which individuals select themselves into a group, causing a biased sample with nonprobability sampling.

Although there is no clear-cut way to appropriately evaluate bias in the assessment of students who are culturally and linguistically diverse, the examiner must carefully consider each situation individually in order to develop an appropriate hypothesis that can be used in the testing procedure.

Response bias occurs when respondents do not indicate their true beliefs, such as in bias due to intentional manipulation by respondents, haste, social pressure, or confusion ; such biases may be present in any polling situation.

Instead of speaking of a hypothesis of an actor-observer asymmetry, some textbooks and research articles speak of an " actor-observer bias " ( within the framework of dispositional vs. situation causes ).

the slope could indicate a systemic bias in voter turnout favoring bush ( the incumbent ), but this stands in contrast to anecdotal evidence that the situation is actually the reverse, visual evidence of long lines in highly democratic precincts, and more quantitatively, statistical evidence that this effect actually becomes stronger when adjusted for historical average turnout, as shown by http :// en. wikipedia. org / wiki / File: Ohio_vote_mult. jpg

Alternatively, " irrational escalation " ( sometimes referred to as " irrational escalation of commitment " or " commitment bias ") is a term frequently used in psychology, philosophy, economics, and game theory to refer to a situation in which people can make irrational decisions based upon rational decisions in the past or to justify actions already taken.

The ideal situation is to somehow avoid this bias from entering a data survey.

Any attempt to reconcile this statement of the central issue in the campaign of 1956 with the nature of the man who could not conceive it as the central issue will at least resolve our confusions about the chaotic and misleading results of the earnestness of both doctors and President in a situation which should never have arisen.

It does not appear that we will be delivered from our situation by articles on The National Purpose.

He will not be surprised to find that general principles produce conflicting results in the factual situation with which he is confronted.

It is proposed that in 10 years all commercial timberlands, all critical watersheds, and other lands in the National Forest System developed or proposed for intensive use will be given protection from fire adequate to meet the fire situation in the worst years and under serious peak loads.

An additional 15 million acres will be given a lesser degree of protection but adequate to meet the average fire situation.

In the family's own words ( during the third of twelve visits ), they had `` reached the crisis peak -- either the situation will give or we will break ''!!

Sarason et al present evidence that the anxious child will suffer in the test-like situation, and that his performance will be impaired unless he receives supporting and accepting treatment from the teacher.

When this situation exists, the address Af will equal Af which was produced from Af.

Now while he uses talk, caresses or requires caresses from her, his bride will sympathetically understand the situation and eagerly help him restore his physical situation so they can have the consummation they both so eagerly desire.

Should there be evidence they are shirking, he has said, the state police will step into the situation.

There are two more Sunday afternoons when the situation will arise.

This Sunday those attending the second session will hear a lecture by Kern on the world situation ; ;

Mr. Philip Toynbee writes, for example, that `` in terms of probability it is surely as likely as not that mutual fear will lead to accidental war in the near future if the present situation continues.

There are two types of allophones, based on whether a phoneme must be pronounced using a specific allophone in a specific situation, or whether the speaker has freedom to ( unconsciously ) choose which allophone he or she will use.

When a specific allophone ( from a set of allophones that correspond to a phoneme ) must be selected in a given context ( i. e. using a different allophone for a phoneme will cause confusion or make the speaker sound non-native ), the allophones are said to be complementary ( i. e. the allophones complement each other, and one is not used in a situation where the usage of another is standard ).

" He points to the fact that the Pope claims universal jurisdiction and he therefore argues that " it would be intolerable to have, as the sovereign of a Protestant and free country, one who owes any allegiance to the head of any other state " and contends that if such situation came about " we will have undone centuries of common law.

* Historical Situation → The historical situation goes through three stages: in chapters 1 – 39 the prophet speaks of a judgment which will befall the wicked Israelites ; in chapters 40 – 55 the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple ( 587 BCE ) is treated as an accomplished fact and the fall of Babylon as an imminent threat ; and in chapters 56 – 66 the fall of Babylon is already in the past.

There might be uncertainty as to which state will be the new one, but it is often well defined in the situation.

Uribe's supporters in turn believe that increased military action is a necessary prelude to any serious negotiation attempt with the guerrillas and that the increased security situation will help to, in the long term, focus more actively on reducing most wide-scale abuses and human rights violations on the part of both the armed groups and any rogue security forces that might have links to the paramilitaries.

A great deal of strategy and teamwork goes into choosing the ideal path and placement of a stone for each situation, and the skills of the curlers determine how close to the desired result the stone will achieve.

Thus, courts will generally allow a class action in such a situation.

He noted, ' Captains ... to be successful must possess, in a marked degree, initiative, resource, determination, and no fear of accepting responsibility ', and particularly regarding wartime conditions '... as a rule instructions will be of a very general character so as to avoid interfering with the judgement and initiative of captains ... The admiral will rely on captains to use all the information at their disposal to grasp the situation quickly and anticipate his wishes, using their own discretion as to how to act in unforeseen circumstances ..' The approach outlined by Beatty contradicted the views of many within the navy, who felt that ships should always be closely controlled by their commanding admiral, and harked back to reforms attempted by Admiral George Tryon.

But when the situation was so complicated that even Nogaret, one of the principal actors in the drama, could misinterpret the pope's motives, it is possible that Othon and his companions, equally baffled, attributed their difficulties to a more immediate cause.

When the historian encounters a situation in which he can perceive no visible cause and effect sequence, he should be alert to intuition and unconscious instinct as possible guides.

While the inning is still being played, this last scenario can cause a temporary situation where a run has already scored, but its earned / unearned status is not yet certain.

Another very popular situation where costumes are employed are for sporting events, where people dressed as their team's representative mascot help the club or team rally round their team's cause.

This situation would be one of many that would cause him to lash out at the Academy in years to come.

A situation that has been often cited of this was the oil crisis of the 1970s, which some economists see as a major cause of the inflation experienced in the Western world in that decade.

Her unwillingness to commit herself to the cause, Leicester's own shortcomings as a political and military leader and the faction-ridden and chaotic situation of Dutch politics were reasons for the campaign's failure.

Indecision or misjudgment of the handler's abilities in such a situation may cause undesired outcomes, such as injury to the handler due to hesitation, or the handler violating rules of engagement and causing unintended damage.

It was a far cry from a decade earlier, when Chelsea had been European Cup Winners ' Cup winners, although his cause was not helped by Chelsea's perilous financial situation.

Laches essentially alleges prejudicial delay and unfairness in the context of a particular situation, whereas statutes of limitation tend to define a specific legally prescribed period of time ( after the cause of action has accrued ) within which a lawsuit for a particular type of cause of action may be commenced or after which the right to recovery is barred.

A common situation where a prior cause becomes an issue is the personal injury auto accident, where the person re-injures an old injury.

In summary, depending on the situation a 50 % tax rate can cause the division of labor to fail even where productivity gains of up to 300 % would have resulted.

In this situation, the surge can raise the pressure of the air to a level that can cause damage.

The concept of this phrase is simple enough, as the actual substance striking the rotating blades of a fan would cause a messy and unpleasant situation ( much like being in the presence of a manure spreader ).

This can cause the lines to become tangled or a situation where the parachute drogue not release from the container.

Compared to dry hair, wet hair can be easier to manage in a cut / style situation because the added weight and surface tension of the water cause the strands to stretch downward and cling together along the hair's length, holding a line and making it easier for the stylist to create a form.

Such rhetorical devices, discussed in more detail below, are: " ignoring the question " to divert argument to unrelated issues using a red herring ; making the argument personal ( argumentum ad hominem ) and discrediting the opposition's character, " begging the question " ( petitio principi ), the use of the non-sequitur, false cause and effect ( post hoc ergo propter hoc ), bandwagoning ( everyone says so ), the " false dilemma " or " either-or fallacy " in which the situation is oversimplified, " card-stacking " or selective use of facts, " false equivalence ", and " false analogy ".

People feel angry when they sense that they or someone they care about has been offended, when they are certain about the nature and cause of the angering event, when they are certain someone else is responsible, and when they feel they can still influence the situation or cope with it.

Al-Qurtubi mentions in his famous exegesis, in explanation of the above-mentioned verse, that according to Wahb ibn Munnabih, Sakinah is a spirit from God that speaks, and, in the case of the Israelites, where people disagreed on some issue, this spirit came to clarify the situation, and used to be a cause of victory for them in wars.

Then, each situation that could cause that effect is added to the tree as a series of logic expressions.

For example, if a concentration gradient was established by dissolving KCl in half of a divided vessel that was originally full of H < sub > 2 </ sub > O, and then a membrane permeable to K < sup >+</ sup > ions was introduced between the two halves — empirically, an equilibrium situation would arise where the chemical concentration gradient ( that would normally cause ions to move from the region of high concentration to the region of low concentration ) could be balanced by an electrical gradient that opposes the movement of charge.

Thus, Chamberlain had to make the best of a hopeless situation, writing fatalistically that ' I consider the Unionist cause is hopeless at the next election, and we shall certainly lose the majority of the Liberal Unionists once and for all.