He made use of the time by undertaking far more intensive fieldwork than had been done by British anthropologists, and his classic ethnography, Argonauts of the Western Pacific ( 1922 ) advocated an approach to fieldwork that became standard in the field: getting " the native's point of view " through participant observation.

Ten years later, Alexander Friedmann, a Russian cosmologist and mathematician, derived the Friedmann equations from Albert Einstein's equations of general relativity, showing that the Universe might be expanding in contrast to the static Universe model advocated by Einstein at that time.

Lenin advocated limiting party membership to a smaller core of active members, as opposed to " card carriers " who might only be active in party branches from time to time or not at all.

At this time, the term " Chicano " began to reference those who resisted total assimilation, while the term " Pochos " referred ( often pejoratively ) to those who strongly advocated assimilation.

Confucius had advocated a sensitivity to the realpolitik of the class relations in his time ; he did not propose that " might makes right ", but that a superior who had received the " Mandate of Heaven " ( see below ) should be obeyed because of his moral rectitude.

They had advocated the analysis of reaction time and sensory acuity as measures of " neurophysiological efficiency " and the analysis of sensory acuity as a measure of intelligence.

At the same time, several Free Software opinion leaders ( including Eben Moglen, Pamela Jones of Groklaw, Jan Wildeboer and Carlo Piana, who also acted as co-counsel in the merger regulation procedure ) advocated for the unconditional approval of the merger.

Lenin advocated the need of the development of a large corps of technical intelligentsia to assist the industrial development of Russia and thus advance the Marxist economic stages of development, as it had too few technical experts at the time.

Mozi probably advocated this idea in response to the fact that during the Warring States period, Zhou King and the landlords spent countless time in the development of delicate music while ordinary peasants could hardly meet their subsistence needs.

The word naturism was used for the first time in 1778 by a French-speaking Belgian, Jean Baptiste Luc Planchon ( 1734 – 1781 ), and was advocated as a means of improving the ' l ’ hygiène de vie ' ( natural style of life ) and health.

In the past, surgical castration was advocated as a therapy for men with pedophilia, but has been abandoned for the time being because most governments consider it a cruel punishment where the express willingness and consent of the patient is not objectively indicated.

Taoism came into prominence for the first time at a state level, and it advocated the laissez-faire principle of Wu wei ( 無為 ), literally meaning " do nothing ".

Donald Knuth has insisted on the fact that documentation can be a very difficult afterthought process and has advocated literate programming, writing at the same time and location as the source code and extracted by automatic means.

The ALARA ( As Low As Reasonably Achievable ) principle has been advocated for an ultrasound examination — that is, keeping the scanning time and power settings as low as possible but consistent with diagnostic imaging — and that by that principle non-medical uses, which by definition are not necessary, are actively discouraged.

The mission, headed by Simeon Aké, also declared that the Polisario Front seemed the main Sahrawi organization of the territory-the only rival arrangements to what the mission described as Polisario's " mass demonstrations " came from the PUNS, which by this time also advocated independence.

The German Franz Xaver von Baader ( 1765 – 1841 ) was a mining engineer at that time and, in a mining journal, he advocated a conical-shaped space at the forward end of a blasting charge to increase the explosive's effect and thereby save powder.

Over time, Adams and others pointed to Republican electoral successes in the early and mid-1980s, when hunger strikers Bobby Sands and Kieran Doherty were elected to the British House of Commons and Dáil Éireann respectively, and they advocated that Sinn Féin become increasingly political and base its influence on electoral politics rather than paramilitarism.

Paul Graves, the top snurfer at the time, and others, advocated that Jake be allowed to race.

Colonial churchmen such as Sydney's first Catholic archbishop, John Bede Polding strongly advocated for Aboriginal rights and dignity and prominent Aboriginal activist Noel Pearson ( born 1965 ), who was raised at a Lutheran mission in Cape York, has written that Christian missions throughout Australia's colonial history " provided a haven from the hell of life on the Australian frontier while at the same time facilitating colonisation ".

He was also deeply interested in the idea of survival in the face of hostile elements, historical change, and natural decay ; at the same time he advocated abandoning waste and illusion in order to discover life's true essential needs.

In contrast, the Legalists had no time for Confucian virtue and advocated a system of strict laws and harsh punishments.

As a legislator, Clay advocated a liberal interpretation of the state's constitution and initially the gradual emancipation of slavery in Kentucky, although the political realities of the time forced him to abandon that position.

Although he adamantly refused to be married to Mary, Queen of Scots, Dudley was for a long time relatively sympathetic to her until from the mid-1580s he strongly advocated her execution.

Spock advocated ideas about parenting that were, at the time, considered out of the mainstream.

State and federal approval of right to walk out at any time when so voted by 51 per cent of the prisoners.

The measure, for federal income tax purposes, of the dividend to individual stockholders would be the fair market value of the shares at the time of each annual distribution.

His veto message objected to the measure because it conferred citizenship on the freedmen at a time when eleven out of thirty-six states were unrepresented in the Congress, and the bill also attempted to fix, by federal law, " a perfect equality of the white and black races in every State of the Union.

Under Clinton, the United States had a projected federal budget surplus for the first time since 1969.

By the time the federal environmental clearances were delivered in 1994, A $ 10 million contract, signed off as a cost overrun, was used to repair these leaks.

It was also reported that federal safety authorities had questioned the design of the handrails and had recommended crash-testing them before they were originally installed, but these concerns were dismissed by Big Dig project managers at the time.

In the United States, the power of the federal judiciary to review and invalidate unconstitutional acts of the federal executive branch is stated in the constitution, Article III sections 1 and 2: " The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.

Over time, as new states were formed from federal territories, these territorial reception statutes became obsolete and were re-enacted as state law.

He sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, for the first time since Reconstruction to enforce federal court orders to desegregate public schools, and signed civil rights legislation in 1957 and 1960 to protect the right to vote.

At the same time the influx of federal funding also gave rise to demands for accountability and the behavioral objectives approach of Robert F. Mager and others foreshadowed the No Child Left Behind Act passed in 2002.

* 1972 – Sound recordings are granted U. S. federal copyright protection for the first time.

These events marked the first time under the new constitution that the federal government used strong military force to exert authority over the states and citizens.

Around this time, Joschka Fischer emerged as the unofficial leader of the party, which he remained until resigning all leadership posts following the 2005 federal election.

In the 1998 federal election, despite a slight fall in their percentage of the vote ( 6. 7 %), the Greens retained 47 seats and joined the federal government for the first time in ' Red-Green ' coalition government with the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ).

Notable amongst these projects were the construction of the Petronas Twin Towers ( at the time the tallest building in the world, and, as of 2010, still the tallest twin building ), KL International Airport ( KLIA ), the North-South Expressway, the Sepang International Circuit, the Multimedia Super Corridor ( MSC ), the Bakun hydroelectric dam and Putrajaya, the new federal administrative capital.

Holt stood again for the federal House of Representatives on 17 August 1935, at a by-election for the marginally conservative seat of Fawkner, this time successfully.

The transfer of power from Menzies to Holt in February 1966 was smooth and unproblematic, and at the federal election later that year the electorate overwhelmingly endorsed Holt, giving the Holt-McEwen Coalition government a 41-seat majority, the largest in Australian history at the time.

No official federal government inquiry was conducted, on the grounds that it would have been a waste of time and money.

He appointed 21 other federal judges, all to United States district courts, as no vacancies occurred on the one circuit court existing at the time.

* 1986 – Martin Luther King, Jr. Day is celebrated as a federal holiday for the first time.