( Informally, this reversal occurs because the refined type is " more liberal " in the types it accepts and " more conservative " in the type it returns.

Informally, the function type refers to the set of functions that, given an input of type, produce an output of type.

Informally, a graph is a good expander if it has low degree and high expansion parameters.

Informally, the reconstruction conjecture in graph theory says that graphs are determined uniquely by their subgraphs.

In the mathematical field of graph theory, a spanning tree T of a connected, undirected graph G is a tree composed of all the vertices and some ( or perhaps all ) of the edges of G. Informally, a spanning tree of G is a selection of edges of G that form a tree spanning every vertex.

Informally, the term " graph invariant " is used for properties expressed quantitatively, while " property " usually refers to descriptive characterizations of graphs.

Informally put, the axiom of choice says that given any collection of bins, each containing at least one object, it is possible to make a selection of exactly one object from each bin.

Informally, it is a permutation of the group elements such that the structure remains unchanged.

Informally, it is the similarity between observations as a function of the time separation between them.

Informally, this is true because polynomial time algorithms are closed under composition.

Informally, an object is reachable if it is referenced by at least one variable in the program, either directly or through references from other reachable objects.

Informally, a relational database table is often described as " normalized " if it is in the Third Normal Form.

Informally, Kajang is known as the " Satay Town ", and is famous among tourists and locals alike.

Informally we can think of elements of the Lie algebra as elements of the group that are " infinitesimally close " to the identity, and the Lie bracket is something to do with the commutator of two such infinitesimal elements.

Informally, a measure has the property of being monotone function | monotone in the sense that if A is a subset of B, the measure of A is less than or equal to the measure of B.

Informally, word formation rules form " new words " ( that is, new lexemes ), while inflection rules yield variant forms of the " same " word ( lexeme ).

Informally speaking, the prime number theorem states that if a random integer is selected in the range of zero to some large integer N, the probability that the selected integer is prime is about 1 / ln ( N ), where ln ( N ) is the natural logarithm of N. For example, among the positive integers up to and including N = 10 < sup > 3 </ sup > about one in seven numbers is prime, whereas up to and including N = 10 < sup > 10 </ sup > about one in 23 numbers is prime ( where ln ( 10 < sup > 3 </ sup >)= 6. 90775528. and ln ( 10 < sup > 10 </ sup >)= 23. 0258509 ).

Informally, he may have been known as " Dickon ", according to a sixteenth-century legend of a note, warning of treachery, that was sent to the Duke of Norfolk on the eve of Bosworth: " Jack of Norffolke be not to bolde ,/ For Dyckon thy maister is bought and solde ".

Informally the word is also used to describe a procedure or process with a specific purpose.

Informally, a permutation of a set of objects is an arrangement of those objects into a particular order.

Informally, a set of strategies is a Nash equilibrium if no player can do better by unilaterally changing his or her strategy.

Informally, the Fatou set of the function consists of values with the property that all nearby values behave similarly under repeated iteration of the function, and the Julia set consists of values such that an arbitrarily small perturbation can cause drastic changes in the sequence of iterated function values.

Informally, a set of natural numbers A is Turing reducible to a set B if there is an oracle machine that correctly tells whether numbers are in A when run with B as the oracle set ( in this case, the set A is also said to be ( relatively ) computable from B and recursive in B ).

Informally, a free object over a set A can be thought as being a " generic " algebraic structure over A: the only equations that hold between elements of the free object are those that follow from the defining axioms of the algebraic structure.

Informally, eigenfaces can be considered a set of " standardized face ingredients ", derived from statistical analysis of many pictures of faces.

Informally, two sets are close in the Hausdorff distance if every point of either set is close to some point of the other set.

Informally, a finite domain is a finite set of arbitrary elements.

In the mathematical fields of linear algebra and functional analysis, the orthogonal complement of a subspace W of a vector space V equipped with a bilinear form B is the set W < sup >⊥</ sup > of all vectors in V that are orthogonal to every vector in W. Informally, it is called the perp, short for perpendicular complement.

Informally, a superkey is a set of attributes within a table whose values can be used to uniquely identify a tuple.

Informally, given a problem, the Turing jump returns the set of Turing machines which halt when given access to an oracle that solves that problem.

Informally, such Brachyceran larvae are called maggots, but the term is nontechnical and often applied indifferently to fly larvae or insect larvae in general.

Informally, the entire town is sometimes called Exit Zero.

: Informally called credit-card touring, a rider carries a minimum of equipment and a lot of money.

Informally this has been called the " Step Boundary ", although the step-like shape of the boundary was not apparent for several decades — the source of the Arkansas, believed to be near the 42nd parallel, was not known until John C. Frémont located it in the 1840s, hundreds of miles south of the 42nd parallel.

Informally, any sloping line is called diagonal.

Informally, medical graduates are called " Doctors.

Informally called " fudging the data ," this practice includes selective reporting ( see also publication bias ) and even simply making up false data.

Informally, the non-commissioned officers with portepee are often called " the Feldwebel ranks " or even altogether Feldwebel, which creates a similar confusion as exists already with the word Unteroffizier.

Informally the portion of the Torah read by or to the maftir is called the " maftir portion ", or the " maftir " for short: in a Chumash the word " maftir " is printed in the margin at the beginning of that portion.

Informally, other members of the higher hierarchic echelons of the Catholic Church are in recent times also occasionally called " Princes of the church ", in which case this title may occasionally carry ironic connotations.

Informally, the Chief Mate will often simply be called " The Mate.

Informally called " Tu Canal " ( Your Channel ), the channel can also be seen in most parts of the San Diego market.