Initially the Court took a restrictive view on what consisted of torture, preferring to find that states had inflicted inhuman and degrading treatment.

Initially films were mostly shown as a novelty in special venues, but the main methods of exhibition quickly became either as an item on the programmes of variety theatres, or by traveling showman in tent theatres, which they took around the fairs in country towns.

Initially, the mascot took various forms, including that of a helmeted astronaut or " spaceman ", but the eventual choice was a Godzilla-like lizard thought to go well with the name.

Initially allied with the United States, Khan took tough strong action against his political rivals and opponents, using the means of repressive force to curb the uprising of 1969 in East Pakistan, and the civil disorder in West Pakistan.

Initially, whole milk was shipped to the butter factories, and the cream separation took place there.

Initially, the Zytglogge tower marked the western boundary of the city from 1191 until 1256, when the Käfigturm took over this role until 1345, which, in turn, was then succeeded by the Christoffelturm ( located close to today's train station ) until 1622.

Initially, home rule for Wales was not an explicit aim of the new movement ; keeping Wales Welsh-speaking took primacy, with the aim of making Welsh the only official language of Wales.

Initially a refitting base, it became a shipbuilding yard ; from then until the late 19th century, further expansion of the yard took place.

Initially, he continued working in real estate, but later took a promotions job with the sporting goods retailer Mick Simmons Ltd.

Initially, protected areas were recognised on a national scale, differing from country to country until 1933, when an effort to reach an international consensus on the standards and terminology of protected areas took place at the International Conference for the Protection of Fauna and Flora in London.

Initially when the song was a hit, the town received unwanted publicity as many tourists and daytrippers drove through the town, took pictures, and even rolled their windows down to ask locals questions.

Initially dismissed in the music press as a " teeny bob sensation " were Norwegian band a-ha, whose use of guitars and real drums produced an accessible form of synthpop, which, along with a MTV friendly video, took single " Take on Me " ( 1985 ) to number two in the UK and number one in the US.

Initially a joke designed to fill up blank space in the magazine, the weekly strip, detailing the mishaps and madcap ideas and inventions of a terminally idle office boy working at the Spirou offices, took off and became one of Franquin's best-known creations.

Initially, the U. S. Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) took a hands off approach to VoIP in order to let the service mature and also to facilitate competition in the telephony market.

Initially known as " Front des Petits Peuples " from 1946 to 1960, the group later took the designation " Front de Libération des Hauts plateaux " and joined, with the FLC, the " Front unifié pour la Libération des Races opprimées " ( FULRO ) at some point in the 1960s.

Initially, NME writers themselves were ill at ease with the new regime, with most signing a letter of no confidence in Alan Lewis shortly after he took over.

Initially this took the form of the InterCity 250 project.

Initially, Pakistan took a hard line and refused to select their Packer players, but changed to a more pragmatic approach when WSC signed additional Pakistanis during the off season.

Initially, the canning process was slow and labour-intensive, as each large can had to be hand-made, and took up to six hours to cook, making canned food too expensive for ordinary people.

Initially 7, 000 people took the test.

Initially, Surveyor entered a highly elliptical orbit that took 45 hours to complete.

Initially a royal memorandum, it eventually took on the force of law and was recognized as a statute by King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I.

Initially produced from an office in Forth Lane, near to Newcastle Central station, it moved to the City Road studios when Dickens Press took over publication in 1963.

Initially only 48, 000 strong, the Emperor took advantage of his carefully planned and flexible dispositions to rapidly build up a crushing superiority.

Initially named as one of Walter Mondale's top potential choices for his vice presidential running mate in ' 84, but he took his name out of the running early in the process.

Initially on the advice of his mother, he attempted to buy the German tribes off, so as to gain time.

Initially, Raimi invited Scott Spiegel to co-write Army of Darkness because he had done a good job on Evil Dead II, but he was busy on rewrites for the Clint Eastwood film The Rookie.

Initially, BASIC concentrated on supporting straightforward mathematical work, with matrix arithmetic support from its initial implementation as a batch language and full string functionality being added by 1965.

Initially his mother was reluctant to let him commit to an insecure football career, so he began an apprenticeship as an electrical engineer ; however he went on to turn professional in October 1954.

Initially, ice on the wings was blamed, but a later inquiry declared that slush on the runway had made a safe take-off almost impossible.

Initially, it was relatively unsuccessful, staying at the charts for only one week, but Haley soon scored a major worldwide hit with a cover version of Big Joe Turner's " Shake, Rattle and Roll ", which went on to sell a million copies and became the first ever rock ' n ' roll song to enter British singles charts in December 1954 and became a Gold Record.

Initially designed to run on AT & T Hobbit-based hardware, BeOS was later modified to run on PowerPC-based processors: first Be's own systems, later Apple Inc .' s PowerPC Reference Platform and Common Hardware Reference Platform, with the hope that Apple would purchase or license BeOS as a replacement for its then aging Mac OS.

Initially limited frequency space meant that Channel 4 could not be broadcast alongside S4C, though some English Channel 4 programmes would be aired at less popular times on the Welsh variant, a practice that carried on up until the closure of S4C's analogue transmissions in 2010.

Initially Barringer's ideas were not widely accepted, and even when the origin of Meteor Crater was finally acknowledged, the wider implications for impact cratering as a significant geological process on Earth were not.

Initially undifferentiated, the tubercle develops into either a penis or a clitoris, depending on the presence or absence of the protein tdf, which is codified by a single gene on the Y chromosome.

Initially, on 1 July 1867, there were four provinces in confederation as " One dominion under the name of Canada ": Canada West ( former Upper Canada, now Ontario ), Canada East ( former Lower Canada, now Quebec ), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.

Initially focusing on the small-end of the computer market allowed DEC to grow without its potential competitors making serious efforts to compete with them.

Initially Eisenhower planned on serving only one term, but as with other decisions he maintained a position of maximum flexibility in case leading Republicans wanted him to run again.

Initially, there are solution | solute molecules on the left side of a barrier ( purple line ) and none on the right.

Initially, Dylan used a Scheme-like prefix syntax, which is based on s-expressions:

Initially developed ( though not publicly released ) on the Atari ST, the first commercial release was for the 16-bit Microsoft MS-DOS platform and was proprietary.

Initially fighting on the Rhine with Max Emmanuel – receiving a slight head wound at the Siege of Mainz in 1689 – Eugene subsequently transferred himself to Piedmont after Victor Amadeus joined the Alliance against France in 1690.

Initially the only calling points would be Rotterdam on the way to Amsterdam, and Cologne on the way to Frankfurt.