Initially successful with annualized returns of over 40 % ( after fees ) in its first years, in 1998 it lost $ 4. 6 billion in less than four months following the Russian financial crisis requiring financial intervention by the Federal Reserve, with the fund liquidating and dissolving in early 2000.

Initially the space stations were to be named Zarya, the Russian word for ' Dawn '.

Initially he supported increased autonomy within the Russian Empire, in opposition to the Social Democrats in the coalition-Senate, who in vain strived for more far-reaching autonomy ; but after the Bolshevik October Revolution Paasikivi championed full independence — albeit in the form of constitutional monarchy.

Initially the Germans advanced with great ease and nearly captured Moscow, also laying siege to Leningrad, but soon found themselves fighting the harsh Russian winter as well as stiffer Soviet resistance, and their advance ground to a halt at Stalingrad in early 1943.

Initially, it was announced that she would portray Catherine the Great in a movie about the Russian empress by Dino De Laurentiis, but that project fell through.

Initially, while Iran was very wary of British and Russian colonial interests during the Great Game, the United States was seen as a more trustworthy Western power, and the Americans Arthur Millspaugh and Morgan Shuster were even appointed treasurers-general by the Shahs of the time.

Initially, it presented only Russian works, but foreign composers entered the repertoire around 1840.

Initially he wrote in Russian, but from 1904, he became known as a Yiddish author.

Initially, the movement can be described as part of the more general nation-building process in Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries when the multi-national Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and Ottoman Empires were being replaced by Nation States.

Initially it was named Day of the Adoption of the Declaration of Sovereignty of the Russian Federation, on 1 February 2002 it was officially renamed to Russia Day ( in 1998 Boris Yeltsin offered this name socially ).

Initially reported to be Ali Taziyev, an Ingush policeman-turned-rebel who was declared legally dead in 2000 ; but this was later refuted by the Russian prosecutors.

Initially, British and Russian observers considered the implantation of railroads as the ultimate solution to the immense transportation problems Iran faced due to sparsely settled population, the lack of rivers, high mountains, and inhospitable desert regions of the country.

Initially, the Russian high command was not up to the challenge of the Great War.

Initially the complex novel was not successfully received ; it was either ignored or criticized as an incendiary attack on Russian literature.

Initially, before 1877, Russia did not wish to cooperate with Romania, since they did not wish Romania to participate in the peace treaties after the war, but the Russians encountered a very strong Turkish army of 50, 000 soldiers led by Osman Pasha at the Siege of Plevna ( Pleven ) where the Russian troops led by Russian generals suferred very heavy losses and were routed in several battles.

Initially it was intertwined with various forms of art music, however, in the late 19th century it began to take on a life of its own with the rise in popularity of folkloric ensembles, such as the folk choir movement led by Mitrofan Pyatnitsky and the Russian folk instrument movement pioneered by Vasily Andreyev.

Initially he was allowed to carry out negotiations with neighbouring states on his own account, to establish and oversee the expenditure of the budget, set taxes and establish the privileges of Russian subjects in the General-Gubernatorstvo: he also had the power to confirm and revoke death sentences passed in the Russian military courts.

Initially successful, the Polish Army started retreating after Russian counterattacks in early June 1920.

Initially Zhang seized the road between Tacheng and Ürümqi, but decided to return back to Ghulja after receiving of message of capturing the city by Russian " Altai Volunteer Army ", actually Soviet troops entered the city.

Initially they were opposed by the Russian 4th and 5th armies respectively.

Initially preoccupied with icon painting and the primitivism of ethnic Russian folk-art, Goncharova became famous in Russia for her Futurist work such as The Cyclist and her later Rayonist works.

Initially, the offices used the regular stamps of Russia, but in 1899, they received stamps overprinted with " KITAI " ( Russian for China ) in Cyrillic script.

Initially, the unit favoured the Russian Dragunov SVD, which, is still in use with the military and various law enforcement agencies.

Initially, little drastic change in government policy had occurred and repressive police actions were limited.

Initially, the policy failed to induce any growth, but it eventually began to affect inflationary expectations.

Initially, Germany hoped to transform Poland into a satellite state, but by March 1939 German demands had been rejected by the Poles three times, which led Hitler to decide, with enthusiastic support from Ribbentrop, upon the destruction of Poland as the main German foreign policy goal of 1939.

Initially, Ceaușescu became a popular figure in Romania and also in the Western World, due to his independent foreign policy, challenging the authority of the Soviet Union.

Initially, Truman named the Secretary of State as the ranking member of the Council in his absence and expected the Department of State to play the major role in formulating policy recommendations.

Initially the stadtholder managed to prevent this, but strong diplomatic pressure by France, that selectively applied economic sanctions to Dutch cities supporting the stadtholder in this policy, forced his hand in November, 1779.

Initially, this army was composed primarily of volunteers and Tsarist supporters but were later joined by the Cossacks ( including Don Kalmyks ), many of whom resisted the Bolshevik policy of de-Cossackization.

Initially siding with the Eastern bloc under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito at the beginning of the Cold War, Yugoslavia pursued a policy of neutrality after the Tito – Stalin split of 1948, and became one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Initially the Soviets pursued a policy where the local national language was used as a tool for eradication of national identity in favour of " communist education of masses ".

Initially, Bolesław also had a difficult relationship with another opposing force policy like the Hohenstaufens: the Roman Curia under of Pope Eugene III.

Initially as Deputy CMLA Ziaur Rahman sought to invigorate government policy and administration.

Initially, the Carter administration had an open-arms policy in regard to Cuban immigrants.

Initially, all other similar awards from other military services were required to be converted to the Coast Guard Combat Action Ribbon in order to be worn on the Coast Guard uniform, but the policy was modified to allow wear of the Navy / Marine Corps Combat Action Ribbon.

Initially this policy was aimed at active militants but later on it was also aimed at the Hamas leadership as well, including Sheikh Ahmad Yassin.

Initially, and superficially, the policy seemed to work, but eventually it ended in the ruin of the Oldenbarnevelt regime.

Initially authorized as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, the HOPE VI program represented a dramatic turnaround in public housing policy and one of the most ambitious urban redevelopment efforts in the nation's history.

Initially during the Winter War, the Soviet policy was mixed.

Initially the Yugoslav communists, despite the break with Stalin, remained as hard line as before but soon began to pursue a policy of independent socialism that experimented with self-management of workers in state-run enterprises.

Initially the League had seen electronic voting mainly as a way to minimize invalidly cast ballots, but at their June 2004 convention she led a successful fight to get this policy reversed to one of giving priority to voting machines that are " recountable ".

Initially the party had taken the policy of non-participation.

Initially, winning numbers were set by the daily outcome of a random drawing of numbered balls, or by spinning a " policy wheel ", at the headquarters of the local numbers ring.

Initially, a policy of industrial disarmament was pursued in Germany by the Allied powers ( see industrial plans for Germany ).

Initially the social tone was very high ( though a policy that patrons should only be admitted on the recommendation of a peeress was soon dropped ), and good profits were made.