In the meantime, Innocent died: the Spanish cardinal refused the tiara, and Urban V was elected.

Philip may have provided him with private support but refused to openly support Louis, who was excommunicated by Innocent for taking part in the war against John.

To emphasise this shift, he refused to renew the legatine authority that Innocent II had granted to King Stephen ’ s brother, Henry of Blois.

King Louis had refused to accept the nomination of Pierre de la Chatre as the Archbishop of Bourges, who went to see Innocent II to have his nomination confirmed.

In 1143, Innocent refused to recognise the Treaty of Mignano with Roger of Sicily, who sent Robert of Selby to march on papal Benevento.

Caelestius refused to condemn these propositions, at the same time declaring in general that he accepted the doctrine expounded in the letters of Pope Innocent and making a confession of faith which was approved.

After a shaky peace of 1486 with King Ferdinand I of Naples failed and Ferdinand repeatedly refused to pay the tariff for his investiture, Innocent excommunicated him in 1489 and invited King Charles VIII of France to come to Italy with an army and take possession of the Kingdom of Naples, a disastrous political event for the Italian peninsula as a whole.

Innocent XI annulled the four articles on 11 April 1682, and refused his approbation to all future episcopal candidates who had taken part in the assembly.

Roger offered to give Apulia as a fief of the Empire to one of his sons and give another son as a hostage — terms which Lothair refused after being pressured by Innocent.

They were unanimous in their selection of Gerald, and Gerald acted as Bishop-elect for much of the next four years ; and, as Hubert still refused to confirm the election, Gerald started for Rome to have his election confirmed, where he had an interview with Pope Innocent III.

In 1360, Giannino went to Avignon, but Pope Innocent VI refused to receive him.

Anacletus II died in January 1138, but Innocent II refused to reconcile with the King.

The whole Western episcopate refused to acknowledge him, and Pope Innocent I, who had warmly espoused Chrysostom's interests, wrote to the clergy and laity of Constantinople strongly condemning the intrusion of Arsacius, and exhorting them to persevere in their adhesion to their true archbishop.

He refused to respond to papal tribunals, but Pope Innocent IV conceded him the privilege of kings: nobody could excommunicate him save the Holy See.

Pope Innocent XI issued the Rescript of 11 April 1682, in which he voided and annulled all that the assembly had done in regard to the regale ; he also refused Bulls to all members of the assembly who were proposed for vacant bishoprics.

The bishops designate to whom Bulls had been refused received them at length, in 1693, only after addressing to Pope Innocent XII a letter in which they disavowed everything that had been decreed in that assembly in regard to the ecclesiastical power and the pontifical authority.

Philip appealed to Pope Innocent II but was refused.

Immediately after the election the emperor sent messengers with congratulations and overtures of peace, which Innocent refused to receive.

Sully's election was opposed by Pope Innocent II, who refused to confirm him as archbishop while he retained his post as Abbot of Fécamp.

Gertrude lost the favour of the curia and with it the chance to recover the Babenberg dominions of Austria and Styria when she refused to marry the brother of Count William II of Holland, Floris, who was also the favored candidate of Pope Innocent IV.

Pope Innocent III then ordered another Norman archbishop to consecrate Silvester, but the king refused to allow Silvester to take possession of his see.

When the Comics Code was formed in 1954 in reaction to Wertham's Seduction of the Innocent, Dell again refused to join and instead began publishing in its comics a " Pledge to Parents " that promised their editorial process " eliminates, rather than regulates, objectional material " and concluded with the now classic credo " Dell Comics Are Good Comics.

Ranuccio refused to pay the reparations and, not long after, the citizens of Castro were accused by Pope Innocent of murdering their local Bishop.

Anacletus II offered Lothair the Imperial crown, but in the end Innocent II gained his support, and he promised to escort the new pope back to Rome.

When Innocent III's diplomatic attempts to roll back Catharism met with little success and after the murder of the papal legate, Pierre de Castelnau, Innocent III declared a crusade against Languedoc, offering the lands of the Cathar " heretics " to any French nobleman willing to take up arms.

In May 1213, John and Innocent finally resolved the dispute over Langton's election to Canterbury, and part of the settlement was that John gave Ireland and England to Innocent and received them back from the pope, making John a papal vassal.

After Innocent pardoned de Gray, the pope recommended his election as Bishop of Durham in 1213 ; but de Gray died during his journey back to England on 18 October 1214, at Saint-Jean-d ' Angély in Poitou.

Many scholars believe it goes back to a letter between St. Bernard of Clairvaux and Pope Innocent II, in which he referred to Pierre Abélard as Goliath, thus creating a connection between Goliath and the student adherents of Abélard.

It was a letter of Eustace to Innocent that caused Innocent to write a letter back entitled Pastoralis officii diligentia, which later was incorporated into Gratian's Decretals.

He now had to turn his attention back to Iberia, to deal with a crusade proclaimed by Pope Innocent III.

The creation of the Paris Foreign Missions Society was initiated when the Jesuit Father Alexandre de Rhodes, back from Vietnam and asking for the dispatch of numerous missionaries to the Far East, obtained in 1650 an agreement by Pope Innocent X to send secular priests and bishops as missionaries.

The Senate, which practically took all temporal power from the Pope during the pontificate of Innocent II, had been managed with considerable skill and firmness by Lucius at the beginning of his pontificate, convincing many senators to either leave the Capitoline Hill or to lay down their magisterium.

Following the latter's success in winning Normandy from John Lackland of England, he was approached by Innocent III to lead the crusade himself but turned this down being heavily committed to defend his gains against John and against the emerging alliance between England, the Empire and Flanders.

In many Landis movies, there are also car crashes: the final sequence in Animal House ; in many scenes in The Blues Brothers and Blues Brothers 2000 ; during the final sequence near Piccadilly Circus in American Werewolf ; during the opening sequence in Into the Night ( while the crew's credits are showing ); during the final sequence in Innocent Blood ( when Macelli was run down by bus and taxi ); and during one scene in The Stupids ( cars crash because of Mrs. Stupid ).

The FSG brand became so renown that author Scott Turow turned down a $ 350, 000 advance for his first novel, " Presumed Innocent ," from a rival publisher so that he could work with Straus, who offered him $ 200, 000.

In 1608 his tomb was moved down the " Vatican Grotto ", being relocated between the tombs of Pope Innocent IV and Marcellus II.

Pope Innocent III espoused the cause of Ingeborg ; but Philip did not submit until 1200, when, nine months after interdict had been added to excommunication, he consented to a separation from Agnes.

Pope Innocent IV then ordered Sancho II to be removed from the throne and be replaced by the Count of Boulogne.

He led two embassies to the Mongols: the first carried letters from Pope Innocent IV and the second bore gifts and letters from Louis IX of France to Güyük Khan.

The first a pastoral opera, L ' amore innocente ( Innocent Love ) was a light hearted comedy set in the Austrian mountains, and the second was based on an episode from Cervantes Don Quixote – Don Chisciotte alle nozze di Gamace ( Don Quixote at the Marriage of Camacho ).

In 1679 Pope Innocent XI publicly condemned sixty-five of the more radical propositions ( stricti mentalis ), taken chiefly from the writings of Escobar, Suarez and other casuists as propositiones laxorum moralistarum and forbade anyone to teach them under penalty of excommunication.

He was appointed grand penitentiary shortly after election of Pope Innocent VI in December 1352 and given the epithet " Angel of Peace ", a title which quickly became a sad misnomer as his future actions in the Papal States would drench the Italian countryside in blood from the River Po until the Garigliano.

The interference of Innocent is courted, a certain primacy is accorded him, but at the same time he is not addressed as a supreme arbitrator ; assistance and sympathy are solicited from him as from an elder brother, and two other prelates of Italy are joint recipients with him of the appeal .”

Innocent then placed an interdict on England in March 1208, prohibiting clergy from conducting religious services, with the exception of baptisms for the young, and confessions and absolutions for the dying.

Innocent benefited from the resolution of his long-standing English problem, but John probably gained more, as Innocent became a firm supporter of John for the rest of his reign, backing him in both domestic and continental policy issues.

Another major benefit came in 1139, when Pope Innocent II's papal bull Omne Datum Optimum exempted the Order from obedience to local laws.

Following many other discoveries and publications, in 1691, Malpighi was uprooted from his beloved home in Bologna and summoned to Rome by Pope Innocent XII as papal physician, which position he held until his death three years later.

Illustration from Cassell's History of England ( 1902 ) In return for King John's submission to his papal and universal authority, Innocent III declared the Magna Carta annulled, though many English Barons did not accept this action.

The confusion in the Empire allowed Innocent to drive out the imperial feudal lords from Ancona, Spoleto and Perugia, who had been installed by Emperor Henry VI.

Under the influence of Charles of Anjou, he was elected Pope to succeed Innocent V on 12 July 1276 but died at Viterbo on 18 August 1276 from illness without ever having been ordained to the priesthood.

Honorius eventually transferred from the monastery to the Lateran for reburial once Innocent II had been elected.

Instead he resigned his right of primogeniture and from Pope Innocent XI ( 1676 – 89 ) he purchased, according to the custom of the time, for 30, 000 scudi, a position of prelatial rank and devoted his wealth and leisure to the enlargement of the library bequeathed to him by his uncle.

The first known record of him is in a document of Pope Innocent I from the year 416, where he is spoken of as " Celestine the Deacon ".

One group of cardinals, which included Sinibaldo de ' Fieschi ( soon to be Pope Innocent IV ) backed a candidate from the inner circle of Pope Gregory IX expected to pursue the hard line with Frederick II.

His solution was in the manner of a true follower of Innocent III: he issued what in retrospect has been viewed as the magna carta of the University, assuming direct control by extending papal patronage: his Bull allowed future suspension of lectures over a flexible range of provocations, from " monstrous injury or offense " to squabbles over " the right to assess the rents of lodgings ".

In September 1362, Abbot William arrived in Avignon, returning from Naples, where he had been sent by Pope Innocent IV as papal legate, only to learn that the pope had died.

Pope Saint Innocent I was pope from 401 to 12 March 417.

Pope Innocent II ( died 24 September 1143 ), born Gregorio Papareschi, was pope from 1130 to 1143, and was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III ( Guibert of Ravenna ).