In the High Court, the abbreviation " JA " is used to denote a Judge of Appeal, and the letter " J " refers to a Judge of the Court of First Instance.

Instance variables can be used by all methods of a class unless the methods are marked with " static " modifier.

In 2009, the European Court of First Instance in Luxembourg upheld the appeal, stating " The allegedly distinctive characteristics, namely the rounded ends of the bar and the three arrows or chevrons on top of it, cannot be sufficiently distinguished from other shapes commonly used for chocolate bars ".

Persons serving a sentence of imprisonment used to be barred from registering and voting, but a 2008 judgment by the Court of First Instance of the High Court ruled that a blanket bar was unconstitutional and that the Government had a year to change the offending provisions.

For contempt in front of these boards, the chairperson will certify the act of contempt to the Court of First Instance who will then proceed with a hearing and determine the punishment.

File: Instance specification 3. png | Object diagram

In the superior courts of record, namely the Court of Final Appeal and the High Court ( which consists of the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance ), judges are addressed as ' My Lord '/' My Lady ' and referred to as ' Your Lordship '/' Your Ladyship ', following the English tradition.

Discusses the fallacy of Single Instance thinking in statistical situations.

* Iain Pears is the author of several historical novels, including An Instance of the Fingerpost and Stone's Fall.

The Courts of First Instance is the court on all major criminal matters, civil cases, juvenile cases, administrative law, and labor law.

The Treaty provided for the creation of subsidiary courts below the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance to deal with special areas of law such as patents.

* To appoint the judges of the Appeals court, the Land courts, the Courts of First Instance, the Judges of Instruction, the Peace Courts and their deputies, the Administrative-Tax Court and the judges of any other judicial courts created by law, according to the provisions of the Law on Judicial Career.

* To transfer provisionally or definitively from one jurisdiction to another, as it may deem necessary, the judges of the Appeals Court, the judges of First Instance of the Land Courts, the Judges of Instruction, the Peace Judges and other court judges created by law.

The General Court ( previously known as the " Court of First Instance ") is composed of 27 judges, at least one from each Member State, plus a registrar.

In 1961, in a landmark ruling that removed imitation, the Tribunal de Grande Instance at Millau decreed that although the method for the manufacture of the cheese could be followed across the south of France, only those whose ripening occurred in the natural caves of Mont Combalou in Roquefort-sur-Soulzon were permitted to bear the name Roquefort.

Instance variables are any variables, without " static " field modifier, that are defined within the class body and outside any class's methods body.

Instance variables are in scope as long as their enclosing object is in scope.

* Anthracite: An Instance of a Natural Resources Monopoly.

It can be found in the first two rooms of the Treasure Vault Instance or King's Room.

Judges from both Member States and candidate countries attend these Symposia along with representatives from the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance.

Schilling has played World of Warcraft and became a regular guest on the World of Warcraft podcast The Instance.

The town is the seat of a bishop, a prefect and a Court of Assizes ; it has Tribunals of First Instance and of commerce, together with a Chamber of Commerce, a branch of the Bank of France, a higher ecclesiastical seminary, a lycée and training colleges.

Kouwenhoven was arrested in the Netherlands on March 18, 2005 and stood trial at the Court of First Instance in The Hague, starting April 24, 2006.

A fictionalised version of Anthony Wood is one of four narrators in Iain Pears ' 1998 novel An Instance of the Fingerpost, which is set in the early 1660s.

The Hong Kong government appointed then-Court of First Instance judge Kemal Bokhary to conduct an inquest into the disaster.

In June 2004, the Chambre du conseil of the Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles ( Court of First Instance, Brussels ) decided that no further action should be taken in the case.

This might be the proper standard of review, for example, if the lower court resolved the case by granting a pre-trial motion to dismiss or motion for summary judgment which is usually based only upon written submissions to the trial court and not on any trial testimony.

Furthermore, U. S. appellate courts are usually restricted to hearing appeals based on matters that were originally brought up before the trial court.

Fixed fees are usually based on a project's allocated construction cost and can range between 4 and 12 % of new construction cost, for commercial and institutional projects, depending on a project's size and complexity.

But, such complete secret languages are rare, because the speakers usually have some public language in common, on which the argot is largely based.

They are highly mobile, usually based on caterpillar track carrying either a large howitzer or other field gun or alternatively a mortar or some form of rocket or missile launcher.

In Brazil, a number of modern religious movements based on the use of ayahuasca have emerged, the most famous of them being Santo Daime and the União do Vegetal ( or UDV ), usually in an animistic context that may be shamanistic or, more often ( as with Santo Daime and the UDV ), integrated with Christianity.

Games can be based on pure strategy, chance ( e. g. rolling dice ) or a mixture of the two, and usually have a goal which a player aims to achieve.

In AABA forms, the B section is usually referred to as the bridge ; often a brief coda, sometimes based on material from the bridge, was added as in " Over the Rainbow ".

Horizontal collectivism stresses collective decision-making among relatively-equal individuals, and is thus usually based on decentralization.

Typically, organic catalysts require a higher loading ( amount of catalyst per unit amount of reactant, expressed in mol % amount of substance ) than transition metal (- ion )- based catalysts, but these catalysts are usually commercially available in bulk, helping to reduce costs.

Ion exchange chromatography ( usually referred to as ion chromatography ) uses an ion exchange mechanism to separate analytes based on their respective charges.

Therefore, four loose families of more-efficient light transport modelling techniques have emerged: rasterization, including scanline rendering, geometrically projects objects in the scene to an image plane, without advanced optical effects ; ray casting considers the scene as observed from a specific point-of-view, calculating the observed image based only on geometry and very basic optical laws of reflection intensity, and perhaps using Monte Carlo techniques to reduce artifacts ; and ray tracing is similar to ray casting, but employs more advanced optical simulation, and usually uses Monte Carlo techniques to obtain more realistic results at a speed that is often orders of magnitude slower.

Cheerleading is a physical activity, sometimes a competitive sport, based on organized routines, usually ranging from one to three minutes, which contain the components of tumbling, dance, jumps, cheers, and stunting to direct spectators of events to cheer on sports teams at games or to participate in competitions.

The modern sense of citizenship is usually based on one or more of these factors:

Several orders, usually based upon the composite order and only varying in the design of the capitals, have been invented under the inspiration of specific occasions, but have not been used again.

A computer file is a block of arbitrary information, or resource for storing information, which is available to a computer program and is usually based on some kind of durable storage.

These groups were usually based on existing societal structures like villages, towns, parishes, and guilds.

Many examples are based on locations in London and, in all likelihood, will be meaningless to people unfamiliar with the capital e. g. " Peckham Rye ", meaning " tie " ( as in necktie ), which dates from the late 19th century ; " Hampstead Heath ", meaning " teeth " ( usually as " Hampsteads ”), which was first recorded in 1887 and " Barnet Fair ", meaning " hair ", which dates from the 1850s.

Collation differs from classification in that classification is concerned with arranging information into logical categories, while collation is concerned with the ordering of items of information, usually based on the form of their identifiers.

A different dimension on which dictionaries ( usually just general-purpose ones ) are sometimes distinguished is whether they are prescriptive or descriptive, the latter being in theory largely based on linguistic corpus studies — this is the case of most modern dictionaries.

The basis for restitutionary damages is much debated, but is usually seen as based on denying a wrongdoer any profit from his wrongdoing.

Rummel has responded that the 20 million estimate is based on a figure from Robert Conquest's 1968 book The Great Terror, and that Conquest's qualifier " almost certainly too low " is usually forgotten.

In South America there are a number of indigenous traditions and more recent religious movements based on the use of ayahuasca, usually in an animistic context that may be mixed with Christian imagery.

These shows have featured large collections of his gridfonts, his ambigrams ( pieces of calligraphy created with two readings, either of which is usually obtained from the other by rotating or reflecting the ambigram, but sometimes simply by " oscillation ", like the Necker Cube or the rabbit / duck figure of Joseph Jastrow ), and his " Whirly Art " ( music-inspired visual patterns realized using shapes based on various alphabets from India ).

Another setting where there is usually gender discrimination is when one is refused to extend his or her credit, refused approval of credit / loan process, and if there is a burden of unequal loan terms based on one ’ s gender.