# REDIRECT Instant-runoff voting

Instant-runoff voting addresses this same problem within an official voting system.

* Instant-runoff voting

Instant-runoff voting with " No award " as one of the choices is the method used.

# redirect Instant-runoff voting

# REDIRECT Instant-runoff voting

The 47-member South Australian House of Assembly is elected under the preferential Instant-runoff voting ( IRV ) system.

If no candidate receives such a majority, the candidate with the fewest number of first preference votes is eliminated, with each of his votes being redistributed according to the second preference marked on the ballot ( see Instant-runoff voting ).

# REDIRECT Instant-runoff voting

* Instant-runoff voting, an electoral system in which voters rank the candidates in order of preference

As in the Alternative Vote Instant-runoff voting system, candidates are ranked numerically in order of preference.

# REDIRECT Instant-runoff voting

# Redirect Instant-runoff voting

* Instant-runoff voting

Instant-runoff voting ( IRV ) is a method ( like Borda count ) which requires each voter to rank the candidates.

# REDIRECT Instant-runoff voting

# redirect Instant-runoff voting

Instant-runoff voting was introduced for the House of Representatives in 1918, the Single Transferable Vote was introduced for the Senate in 1949, and the qualifying age for voting was lowered to 18 in 1973.

To head off a repeat of this result, the HRP spearheaded a petition campaign to place the Instant-runoff voting ( IRV ) system on the city ballot in spring of 1974.

Because the two round system and the exhaustive ballot involve separate rounds of voting, voters can use the results of one round to decide how they will vote in the next, whereas this is not possible under IRV.

Using an example that applies to instant-runoff voting ( IRV ) and to the Two-round system, it is shown, that these voting systems violate the mono-raise criterion.

Although instant runoff voting ( IRV ) uses ranked ballots, secondary preferences are considered in the same sequence as in multiple rounds of voting, so this method does not reduce the vote-splitting effect ( compared to runoff voting ).

All Condorcet methods, Bucklin voting, and IRV fail.

" Most proposed methods do satisfy it, including Plurality voting, IRV, Bucklin voting, and approval voting.

Approval voting has been adopted by the Mathematical Association of America ( 1986 ), the Institute of Management Sciences ( 1987 ) ( now the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences ), the American Statistical Association ( 1987 ), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( 1987 ).

* Since Big Brother 2, the UK series always opens with a twist which have included the public being able to choose the final housemate out of three possibilities ( Big Brother 2 ), the public voting for a housemate to leave during the first week and then the housemates choosing between the two housemates with the least number of votes ( Big Brother 3 ), First Night Nominations ( Big Brother 4 ), Suitcase Nominations ( Big Brother 5 ), Unlucky Housemate 13 ( Big Brother 6 ), Big Brother Hood ( Big Brother 7 ), an all-female House and the first inclusion of twins as contestants ( Big Brother 8 ), the first couple to enter as housemates and set a secret task to hide their real relationship ( Big Brother 9 ), all " housemates " really being " non-housemates " who had to earn their housemate status ( Big Brother 10 ), a mole entering the House with an " Impossible Task " ( Big Brother 11 ), Jackie Stallone entering a house containing her son's ex-wife ( Celebrity Big Brother 3 ), the entrance of a non-celebrity in a celebrity edition ( Celebrity Big Brother 4 ) and Jade Goody's family announced to be visiting.

The SDP favoured some Thatcherite reforms during the 1980s, such as legislation aimed at reforming the trade unions ( although the parliamentary SDP actually split three ways on Norman Tebbit's 1982 Industrial Relations bill, most voting for, some against, and others abstaining ), but took a more welfarist position than the Conservative Party, being more sceptical of Conservative welfare reforms ( particularly regarding the Health Service ).

Their principal claim relates to the definition of who is a citizen of Ivory Coast ( and so who can stand for election as president ), voting rights and their representation in government in Abidjan.

Twelve voting delegates were seated at the 1st National Congress in 1921, as well as at the 2nd ( in 1922 ), when they represented 195 party members.

* Clone ( voting ), in voting systems analysis, a candidate identical to one already present in an election

A study analyzed voting records of the Fifth European Parliament and ranked groups, concluding: " Towards the top of the figure are the more pro-European parties ( PES, EPP-ED, and ALDE ), whereas towards the bottom of the figure are the more anti-European parties ( EUL / NGL, G / EFA, UEN and EDD ).

Rousseau was proud that his family, of the moyen order ( or middle-class ), had voting rights in the city.

5, 6 ), may remember his marvellous works in the beginning …" The general principles which are the groundwork of modern constitutions, principles … were all recognized and established by the laws of New England: the intervention of the people in public affairs, the free voting of taxes, the responsibility of the agents of power, personal liberty, and trial by jury were all positively established without discussion.

The report passed 42 – 1 in the Assembly in 1933 ( only Japan voting against ), but instead of removing its troops from China, Japan withdrew from the League.

The name is derived from the ostraka, ( singular ostrakon, ὄστρακον ), referring to the pottery sherds that were used as voting tokens.

This was not necessarily evidence of electoral fraud ( being no worse than modern voting instruction cards ), but their being dumped in the well may suggest that their creators wished to hide them.

Here again it is not anything like a legislative commission sitting down to discuss the pros and cons and drafting proposals, but the format is that of a trial, voting yes or no after a clash of speeches and such.

Gianfranco Fini, a moderniser who sees Nicolas Sarkozy and David Cameron as models, impressed an ambitious political line to the party, combining the pillars of conservative ideology like security, family values and patriotism with a progressive approach in other areas such as stem cell research and supporting voting rights for legal aliens.

The Militia Information Service ( MIS ) contends that militia membership is a civic duty much like voting, neither of which they believe should be restricted to government officials in a true democracy.

Some methods, like Approval voting, requests information than can't be unambiguously inferred from a single set of ordinal preferences.

Pico, like nearly all the Californios, became an American citizen with full legal and voting rights.

As for regulating the " manner " of elections, the Supreme Court has interpreted this to mean " matters like notices, registration, supervision of voting, protection of voters, prevention of fraud and corrupt practices, counting of votes, duties of inspectors and canvassers, and making and publication of election returns.

Political: Louisiana Governor Earl Long used nigger in advocating full voting rights for Black Americans ; in that time, like colored and negro, it was mainstream usage in the American South.

Interdisciplinary studies in biology and political science aim to identify correlates of political behavior with biological aspects, for example the linkage of biology and political orientation, but also with other aspects like partisanship and voting behavior.

The voting went like this:

Defining and finding the best possible compromise is an important problem in fields like game theory and the voting system.

much like voting, neither of which they believe should be restricted to government officials in a true democracy.

" He, like most men of his day, was not in favor of women gaining voting rights.

During the last decades of the 19th and the first of the 20th, Tennessee, like other southern states, passed laws and constitutional amendments establishing Jim Crow law: racial segregation in public facilities, restrictions of voting for blacks, and similar measures.

For referendums or propositions in general terms ( like the principle of a general revision of the Constitution ), the majority of those voting is enough ( Swiss constitution, 2005 ).

In addition, many localities around the U. S. also provide for some or all of these direct democracy governance components, and in specific classes of initiatives ( like those for raising taxes ), there is a supermajority voting threshold requirement.

Generally there's no nomination process-clubs are allowed to show up with a number of representatives with voting power ( and traditionally, whoever else feels like showing up ), the number based on their headcount.

With Fianna Fáil having been in power for eleven years by 1968, Lynch was persuaded once again to make an attempt to abolish the proportional representation method of voting in general elections in favour of a first-past-the-post system like in the United Kingdom.

This system is found in emerging democracies like post-communist Russia, where new national parties were evolving, and the voting system was intended to foster them, while allowing local independent members to win local seats, many of whom then joined the winning party.

A points method ballot design like this one is the most common for governmental elections using cumulative voting.

However, the interactions between market and voting systems are an important aspect of political economy, and some argue they are hard to differentiate, e. g. systems like cumulative voting and runoff voting involve a degree of market-like bargaining and tradeoff, rather than simple statements of choice.

Clay Shirky traces the origin of the term " social software " to Eric Drexler's 1987 discussion of " hypertext publishing systems " like the subsequent World Wide Web, and how systems of this kind could support software for public critical discussion, collaborative development, group commitment, and collaborative filtering of content based on voting and rating.

NYRA proposes lessening and removing various legal restrictions that are imposed on young people but not adults, for example, the voting age, drinking age, curfews and mandatory school attendance ; and other issues like emancipation of minors and easier process of adoption to other families.