The flight marked the first time the ESA Instrument Pointing System ( IPS ) was tested in orbit.

FAA's Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: " Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe.

Instrument flight rules permit an aircraft to operate in instrument meteorological conditions ( IMC ), which have much lower weather minimums than VFR.

Any time a flight is operating in VMC, the crew is responsible for seeing and avoiding VFR traffic ; however, since the flight is conducted under Instrument Flight Rules, ATC still provides separation services from other IFR traffic.

In this respect, CVFR is similar to Instrument flight rules ( IFR ) in that ATC will give pilots headings and altitudes at which to fly, and will provide separation and conflict resolution.

ATC is especially important for aircraft flying under Instrument flight rules ( IFR ), where they may be in weather conditions that do not allow the pilots to see other aircraft.

In 1937 the British Royal Air Force ( RAF ) chose a set of six essential flight instruments which would remain the standard panel used for flying in Instrument Meteorological Conditions ( IMC ) for the next 20 years.

* Basic Instrument Training Device ( BITD )-A basic training device primarily focused on generic instrument flight procedures.

* Instrument panels are simulated aircraft instrument panels, either generic or specific to a real aircraft, that are used in place of the keyboard to send commands to a flight simulation program.

* Instrument approach procedure, a published procedure for the final approach for landing at an airport under instrument flight rules

* Instrument landing system, a precise navigation system for aircraft, used under instrument flight rules

* Instrument flight

Instrument approach procedure charts ( or approach plates ) are published for each ILS approach, providing pilots with the needed information to fly an ILS approach during instrument flight rules ( IFR ) operations, including the radio frequencies used by the ILS components or navaids and the minimum visibility requirements prescribed for the specific approach.

Offers flight training for fixed wing aircraft for the FAA Private Pilot Certification, Instrument Rating, Commercial Pilot Certification, Multi-Engine and Advanced Aircraft Training.

# REDIRECT Instrument flight rules

* Instrument flight rules ( IFR )

During taxi, at 16: 06 the flight received its departure route clearance: a routing known as the " Dover One Standard Instrument Departure ".

This was also the first flight of a new type of Instrument Unit that controlled the Saturn rockets during launch, and also the first launch of a Saturn IB from Pad 37B.

This flight was the first pallet-only Spacelab mission, and the first mission to operate the Spacelab Instrument Pointing System ( IPS ).

* 15 hours of flight instruction towards Instrument Rating

This does not confer the privileges of a full Instrument Rating, but allows flight in IMC outside class A airspace, and flight on a SVFR clearance with in-flight visibility below 10 km ( but more than 3 km ).

The Instrument of Government of 1634 and altering hereditary rules also regulated the monarchy until 1719, when a fully written constitution, the Instrument of Government of 1719, came into force.

The Assembly is also responsible for considering and approving proposed amendments to the GEF Instrument, the document that established the GEF and set the rules by which the GEF operates.

* Instrument flight rules ( IFR )

* Traffic permitted: Instrument flight rules / Visual flight rules

* Flight Rules: Aircraft can operate under Visual flight rules ( VFR ) or Instrument Flight Rules ( IFR ).

The FAA in 14 C. F. R § 91. 21 bans the use of all portable electronic devices ( with a few odd exceptions ) for all flights operated by an airline or those flights under Instrument flight rules ( IFR ).

It is important not to confuse IMC with IFR ( Instrument flight rules ) – IMC describes the actual weather conditions, while IFR describes the rules under which the aircraft is flying.

An Instrument Rating is required for a pilot to fly under instrument flight rules ( IFR ).

IFR often refers to Instrument flight rules, when flight by outside visual reference is not safe

* Instrument flight rules

* Instrument Flight Rules ( IFR )

* Instrument rating, the qualifications a pilot must have in order to fly under Instrument Flight Rules ( IFR )

ATM created Instrument Flight Rules ( commonly known as " IFR ") to manage the growing numbers of aircraft.

In the United States, there are three standard service volumes ( SSV ): Terminal, Low, and High ( Standard Service Volumes do not apply to published Instrument Flight Rules ( IFR ) routes ).

Instrument rating refers to the qualifications that a pilot must have in order to fly under IFR ( Instrument Flight Rules ).

Instrument meteorological conditions ( IMC ) is an aviation flight category that describes weather conditions that require pilots to fly primarily by reference to instruments, and therefore under Instrument Flight Rules ( IFR ), rather than by outside visual references under Visual Flight Rules ( VFR ).

As part of this move, the aerodrome is currently being upgraded to Instrument Flight Rules ( IFR ) from the current Visual Flight Rules ( VFR ).

Instrument ratings are issued for a specific category of aircraft ; a pilot certified to fly an airplane under IFR has an Instrument Airplane rating.

Although dangerous and illegal, a certain amount of VFR flying is conducted in Instrument Meteorological Conditions ( IMC ).

* 1974 – A new Instrument of Government is promulgated making Sweden a parliamentary monarchy.

* 1944 – the last battleship built by the United States Navy and future site of the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, is commissioned.

MIDI (; short for Musical Instrument Digital Interface ) is an electronic musical instrument industry specification that enables a wide variety of digital musical instruments, computers and other related devices to connect and communicate with one another.

Following the adoption of the 1974 Instrument of Government on January 1, 1975, the Swedish Monarch ( King Carl XVI Gustaf since September 15, 1973 ) is no longer vested any executive authority at all, and is neither part of the executive branch nor of the legislature.

* 1945 – World War II: Combat ends in the Pacific Theater: the Instrument of Surrender of Japan is signed by Japanese Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu and accepted aboard the battleship in Tokyo Bay.

Tanzania is also engaged in a Policy Support Instrument ( PSI ) with the International Monetary Fund, which commenced in February 2007 after Tanzania completed its second 3-year Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility ( PRGF ), the first having been completed in August 2003.

A related example is based on a loader for a Nicolet Instrument Corporation minicomputer of the 1970s, using a Teletype Model 33 ASR teleprinter as a paper tape reader.

In a letter he wrote in 1821, he stated " the legitimate meaning of the Instrument must be derived from the text itself ; or if a key is to be sought elsewhere, it must be not in the opinions or intentions of the Body which planned & proposed the Constitution, but in the sense attached to it by the people in their respective State Conventions where it recd.

The general counter-argument for this claim is that while the Cairo Declaration itself was a non-binding declaration, it was given legal effect by the Japanese Instrument of Surrender.

In Sweden, per The Instrument of Government () in the constitution, when the present King is abroad, the next in the line of succession ( as defined by the Swedish Act of Succession ) becomes lord protector ():

Furthermore, the position of PRC is that UN General Assembly Resolution 2758, which states " Recognizing that the representatives of the Government of the People's Republic of China are the only lawful representatives of China to the United Nations ", means that the PRC is recognized as having the sovereignty of all of China, including Taiwan ( established by Cairo Declaration, Potsdam Proclamation and Japanese Instrument of Surrender ).

The next step in a pilot's progression is either Instrument Rating ( IR ), or Multi-Engine Rating ( MEP ) endorsements.

The most important is the Instrument of Government of 1974 which sets out the basic principles of political life in Sweden, defining rights and freedoms.

This model is considered by some ( for example, Martin Davis ( 2000 )) to be the origin of the stored program computer — used by John von Neumann ( 1946 ) for the " Electronic Computing Instrument " that now bears von Neumann's name: the von Neumann architecture.