Interleaved channel works better for file transfers, where the delivered data must be error free but latency incurred by the retransmission of errored packets is acceptable.

Besides storing the data in compressed format, PASC also provided redundancy by adding CIRC ( Cross Interleaved Reed-Solomon Code ) bits for error detection and correction, and by scattering the data across the tracks in what Philips called a " checkerboard pattern ".

Audio Video Interleaved ( also Audio Video Interleave ), known by its initials AVI, is a multimedia container format introduced by Microsoft in November 1992 as part of its Video for Windows technology.

Next to the film exit lip is an Interleaved 2 of 5 barcode and a printed number which represent the I3A assigned DX number, the number of exposures and a proprietary manufacturer's code.

The code is printed in human-readable text and also represented as an Interleaved 2 of 5 barcode.

Interleaved 2 of 5 is a continuous two-width barcode symbology encoding digits.

This check is carried out with a Bit Interleaved Parity check ( BIP-8 ).

This check is carried out with a Bit Interleaved Parity check ( BIP24 )

For example, Manchester code and Interleaved 2 of 5.

Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation ( EFM ) and a modification of CD's CIRC code, called Advanced Cross Interleaved Reed-Solomon Code ( ACIRC ) are employed.

* Interleaved multithreading: Interleaved issue of multiple instructions from different threads, also referred to as temporal multithreading.

Elements of these core technologies include UPC and EAN item identification codes, the SCC-14 ( UPC shipping container code ), the SSCC-18 ( Serial Shipping Container Codes ), Interleaved 2-of-5 and UCC / EAN-128 ( newly designated GS1-128 ) bar code symbologies, and ANSI ASC X12 and UN / EDIFACT EDI standards.

Example Interleaved 2 of 5.

* BIL-Band Interleaved by Line ( image format linked with satellite derived imagery )

A simple form of AM, often used for digital communications, is on-off keying: a type of amplitude-shift keying in which binary data is represented by the presence or absence of a carrier.

# Using binary digits to represent all numbers and data

In computer science, an AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree, and it was the first such data structure to be invented.

In data transmission systems a byte is defined as a contiguous sequence of binary bits in a serial data stream, such as in modem or satellite communications, which is the smallest meaningful unit of data.

In computer science, a binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two child nodes, usually distinguished as " left " and " right ".

In a language with records and references, binary trees are typically constructed by having a tree node structure which contains some data and references to its left child and its right child.

Binary trees can also be stored in breadth-first order as an implicit data structure in arrays, and if the tree is a complete binary tree, this method wastes no space.

Unlike self-balancing binary search trees, the B-tree is optimized for systems that read and write large blocks of data.

A modern digital computer represents data using the binary numeral system.

A piece of information can be handled by any computer or device whose storage space is large enough to accommodate the binary representation of the piece of information, or simply data.

The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data.

It carries all the binary data building blocks for the content to be delivered to the client for reassembly and decryption.

Drivers have been written to dynamically process data for operations such as converting grayscale to binary image data.

If a more sophisticated data structure ( e. g., heap or binary tree ) is used, the time required for searching and insertion can be reduced significantly ; this is the essence of heap sort and binary tree sort.

However, a second definition and usage has historically been in practice in many fields of computer science and information technology, which defines the prefix kilo when used with byte or bit units of data as 1024 ( 2 < sup > 10 </ sup >); this is due to the mathematical coincidence that Thus, in these fields 1 kilobyte is equal to 1 kibibyte, a new unit standardized as part of the binary prefixes to resolve the ambiguity.

For example, one may sort the list and use binary search, or build any efficient search data structure from it.

Statistical modeling algorithms for text ( or text-like binary data such as executables ) include:

Mark Nelson, frustrated over many cranks trying to claim having invented a magic compression algorithm appearing in comp. compression, has constructed a 415, 241 byte binary file () of highly entropic content, and issued a public challenge of $ 100 to anyone to write a program that, together with its input, would be smaller than his provided binary data yet be able to reconstitute (" decompress ") it without error.

Parts of MIME are also reused in communication protocols such as HTTP, which requires that data be transmitted in the context of email-like messages even though the data might not ( and usually doesn't ) actually have anything to do with email, and the message body can actually be binary.

If there is a mixture of only two types of atoms, not counting impurities, such as a copper-nickel alloy, then it is called a binary alloy.

In this respect, all of the various forms of an alloy containing only two constituents, like iron and carbon, is called a binary system, while all of the alloy combinations possible with a ternary alloy, such as alloys of iron, carbon and chromium, is called a ternary system.

A bit ( a contraction of binary digit ) is the basic capacity of information in computing and telecommunications ; a bit can have the value of either 1 or 0 ( one or zero ) only.

Set-theoretically, one may represent a binary function as a subset of the Cartesian product X × Y × Z, where ( x, y, z ) belongs to the subset if and only if f ( x, y ) = z.

Conversely, a subset R defines a binary function if and only if, for any x in X and y in Y, there exists a unique z in Z such that ( x, y, z ) belongs to R.

One can also consider partial binary functions, which may be defined only for certain values of the inputs.

A succinct binary tree therefore would occupy only 2 bits per node.

The restrictions above ( CNF, 2CNF, 3CNF, Horn, XOR-SAT ) bound the considered formulae to be conjunction of subformulae ; each restriction states a specific form for all subformulae: for example, only binary clauses can be subformulae in 2CNF.

The Solaris 11 release in November 2011 only contains GNOME as a full desktop, though some CDE libraries, such as Motif and Tooltalk, remain for binary compatibility.

Filesystems can be mounted in binary mode ( by default ), or in text mode, which enables automatic conversion between LF and CRLF endings ( which only affects programs that open files without explicitly specifying text or binary mode ).

Beta Delphini, called Rotanev, is a close binary star and the brightest in Delphinus, divisible in only large amateur telescopes.

For example, Duncan Kennedy, in explicit reference to semiotics and deconstruction procedures, maintains that various legal doctrines are constructed around the binary pairs of opposed concepts, each of which with a claim upon intuitive and formal forms of reasoning that must be made explicit, not only in their meaning but also its relative value, and criticized.

A given binary relation ~ on a set A is said to be an equivalence relation if and only if it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

This yields a convenient way of generating an equivalence relation: given any binary relation R on X, the equivalence relation generated by R is the smallest equivalence relation containing R. Concretely, R generates the equivalence relation a ~ b if and only if there exist elements x < sub > 1 </ sub >, x < sub > 2 </ sub >, ..., x < sub > n </ sub > in X such that a

The most common way to formalize this is by defining a field as a set together with two operations, usually called addition and multiplication, and denoted by + and ·, respectively, such that the following axioms hold ; subtraction and division are defined implicitly in terms of the inverse operations of addition and multiplication :< ref group =" note "> That is, the axiom for addition only assumes a binary operation The axiom of inverse allows one to define a unary operation that sends an element to its negative ( its additive inverse ); this is not taken as given, but is implicitly defined in terms of addition as " is the unique b such that ", " implicitly " because it is defined in terms of solving an equation — and one then defines the binary operation of subtraction, also denoted by "−", as in terms of addition and additive inverse.

In the 1970s and early 1980s, the software industry began using technical measures ( such as only distributing binary copies of computer programs ) to prevent computer users from being able to study and modify software.

At this stage in the algorithm, it is required that terms with zero-valued coefficients are dropped, so that only binary coefficients equal to one are counted, thus the problem of multiplication or division by zero is not an issue, despite this implication in the factored equation:

* Often-used libraries ( for example the standard system libraries ) need to be stored in only one location, not duplicated in every single binary.

He also only measured absolute ( binary ) characteristics, such as color, shape, and position of the offspring, rather than quantitative characteristics.

The problem with this system, is that it provides only a crude binary on / off signal for each key.

Wilde's paper was published on July 10, 1953 .< ref > Wilde used voltages up to only 600 V on a binary mixture of carbon dioxide ( CO < sub > 2 </ sub >) and water in a flow system.

Barnard's Star, one of the nearest stars to the Solar System ( the only stars closer are the Alpha Centauri binary star system and Proxima Centauri ), lies in Ophiuchus.

Self-balancing binary search trees may provide an acceptable compromise, where access time is equal for any member of a collection and only grows logarithmically with its size.