`` What is the point '', Charles Adams reports the Pakistanis as asking, `` in demanding an Islamic state and society if no one, not even the doctors of the sacred law themselves, can say clearly and succinctly what the nature of such a state and society is ''??

And while the nation was formerly named `` The Islamic Republic of Pakistan '', it is now simply `` The Republic of Pakistan ''.

However, i ' thar is also still an Islamic ideal to which all Muslims should strive to adhere at all times.

Afghanistan ( Persian / Pashto:, Afġānistān ), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and to some extent Western Asia.

The Islamic belief in the afterlife as stated in the Qur ' an is descriptive.

The Islamic word for Paradise is jannat and Hell is jahannam.

Today Ahmed I is remembered mainly for the construction of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque ( also known as the Blue Mosque ), one of the masterpieces of Islamic architecture.

The Islamic law of inheritance ( Sura 4, ayah 11 ) defines exactly how the estate is calculated after death of an individual.

The Latin name Aelia is the source of the Arabic term Iliyā ' ( إلياء ), an early Islamic name for Jerusalem.

* Amputation is used as a legal punishment in a number of countries, among them Iran, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Islamic regions of Nigeria.

It contains a mass of information as to the life and customs of the early Arabs, and is the most valuable authority we have for their pre-Islamic and early Islamic days.

Following the retirement of the F-14 by the US, the weapon's only current operator is Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force.

It also is a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) forum and the Commonwealth of Nations.

Aluma is remembered for his military skills, administrative reforms, and Islamic piety.

The second noteworthy characteristic is that the country borders on very different parts of the African continent: North Africa, with its Islamic culture and economic orientation toward the Mediterranean Basin ; West Africa, with its diverse religions and cultures and its history of highly developed states and regional economies ; Northeast Africa, oriented toward the Nile Valley and Red Sea region ; and Central or Equatorial Africa, some of whose people have retained classical African religions while others have adopted Christianity, and whose economies were part of the great Congo River system.

* A lunar calendar is synchronized to the motion of the Moon ( lunar phases ); an example is the Islamic calendar.

An example is the Islamic calendar.

An astronomical calendar is based on ongoing observation ; examples are the religious Islamic calendar and the old religious Jewish calendar in the time of the Second Temple.

The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar or Hijri calendar is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.

It is used to date events in most of the Muslim countries ( concurrently with the Gregorian calendar ), and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days and festivals.

With an annual drift of 11 or 12 days, the seasonal relation is repeated approximately each 33 Islamic years.

During the late 1770s and the early 19th century, the Fulani, a pastoral Islamic people of the western Sahel, conquered most of what is now northern Cameroon, subjugating or displacing its largely non-Muslim inhabitants.

His work was highly controversial, officially banned in both Christendom and Islamic Spain.

It is clearly not compatible with some Shinto beliefs due to handling corpses and bodily fluids being unacceptable, and is controversial in certain Buddhist, Christian, Jewish and Islamic circles.

Throughout history the place of kalam in Islamic thought has been controversial.

By embracing the hostage-taking under the slogan " America can't do a thing ," Khomeini rallied support and deflected criticism from his controversial Islamic theocratic constitution, which was due for a referendum vote in less than one month.

The Islamic resistance to the representation of living beings ultimately stems from the belief that the creation of living forms is unique to God, and it is for this reason that the role of images and image makers has been controversial. he strongest statements on the subject of figural depiction are made in the Hadith ( Traditions of the Prophet ), where painters are challenged to " breathe life " into their creations and threatened with punishment on the Day of Judgment.

Ibn Taymiyyah's views on Ibn Arabi, who ( though a controversial figure ) is often cited as the greatest master of the Islamic gnostic tradition and one of the most influential Islamic thinkers ever, are well-documented.

Highlights include guest-starring as an Algerian secret agent on the trail of Islamic extremists in the controversial episode " Nest of Angels " of the British television show Spooks ( known as MI-5 in the US ) in 2003.

The controversial term Islamofascism has also been coined by some non-Muslims to describe the political and religious philosophies of some militant Islamic groups.

However, this practice is considered to be controversial among senior Islamic scholars who disagree with this use on the basis that it demonstrates a lack of respect and laziness.

Yusuf al-Qaradawi (; born 9 September 1926 ) is a controversial Egyptian Islamic theologian.

Some Islamic scholars have tried to discredit her writings as her views were controversial, since they consider her suspiciously intelligent for a woman, as the following poem demonstrates.

In 2005, Arab Europen League's president Dyab Abou Jahjah supported and rationalized Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's statements -- after The Islamic Republic's head made his controversial speeches including the infamous ( widely denounced ) genocidal call for Israel to be wiped off -- writing: "(…) the foundation of Mr. Ahmadinejad's reasoning is intellectually defendable, and despite the fact that his regime is no perfect example of political morality, I argue that his position on this matter is the only possible moral one.

The issue of Islamic Civilization being a misnomer has been raised by a number of recent scholars, including the secular Iranian historian, Dr. Shoja-e-din Shafa in his recent controversial books titled Rebirth ( Persian: تولدى ديگر ) and After 1400 Years ( Persian: پس از 1400 سال ), in which he questions whether it makes sense to talk of a category such as “ Islamic science ”.

Programs on the Middle East have proven contentious in the past with leaders of both the B ' nai Brith and Canadian Islamic Congress facing recriminations for controversial remarks.

These bans also cover Islamic headscarves, which in some other countries are seen as less controversial, although law court staff in the Netherlands are also forbidden to wear Islamic headscarves on grounds of ' state neutrality '.

Aside from declaring the 9 / 11 bombers " the Magnificent 19 ", controversial statements made by al-Muhajiroun include one warning the British government that it was " sitting on a box of dynamite and have only themselves to blame if after attacking the Islamic movements and the Islamic scholars, it all blows up in their face ".

Rafsanjani had alienated Khamenei and the Islamic establishment with " his tacit support " for opposition to the controversial June 2009 presidential elections results that re-elected president Ahmadinejad.

In an apparent reaction against controversial statements about the Islamic, Christian, and Jewish religions -- such as those van Gogh was renowned for -- the Dutch Minister of Justice, Christian Democrat Piet Hein Donner, suggested Dutch blasphemy laws should either be applied more stringently or made more strict.

The historical development of Iranian liberalism is a controversial subject, since several of the most fundamental liberal concepts stand in direct opposition with the ideological positions of the Islamic republic.

At one end of the ideological spectrum lies the controversial Islam Liberal Network ( JIL ), which aims to promote a pluralistic and more liberal interpretation of Islamic thinking.