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Islamism can also be described as part of identity politics, specifically the religiously-oriented nationalism that emerged in the Third World in the 1970s: " resurgent Hinduism in India, ultra-Orthodox Judaism in Israel, militant Buddhism in Sri Lanka, resurgent Sikh nationalism in the Punjab, ' Liberation Theology ' of Catholicism in Latin America, and of course, Islamism in the Muslim world.
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Islamism and can
Following the Arab Spring at least one source has described Islamism as " increasingly interdependent " with democracy in much of the Arab Muslim world, such that " neither can now survive without the other.
Following the Arab Spring, scholar Oliver Roy has described Islamism, or political Islam, as " increasingly interdependent " with democracy in much of the Arab Muslim world, such that " neither can now survive without the other.
The concept Islamism is controversial, not just because it posits a political role for Islam, but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error.
Islamists have asked the question, " If Islam is a way of life, how can we say that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not Muslims, but Islamists and believe in Islamism, not Islam?
According to Adnan A. Musallam this can be traced to one of the founders of radical Islamism, Sayyid Qutb, who used the label to attack secular rulers such as Nasser, seen as creating " idols " based on un-Islamic Western and Marxist ideologies.
This region fell under Islamic rule under Muhammad Ali, and there has been religious and ethnic conflict ever since ; the Mahdiyah uprisings ( 1881-1899 ) can even be seen as the origin of political Islamism and resulted in British control during 1899-1955.
Islamism and also
* The revolution was influenced by Marxism through Islamist thought and also by writings that sought either to counter Marxism ( Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr's work ) or to integrate socialism and Islamism ( Ali Shariati's work ).
In recent years, Christianism ( or Christianist ) has also been used as a descriptive term of Christian fundamentalists, mostly in the United States, for the ideology of the Christian right, meant as a counterpoint to " Islamism ".
He has also published critiques of Islamism in the West.
" Gilligan also stated that his work for Press TV consisted of a " regular discussion show on the station, in which Islamism, and the policies of the Iranian government, were often debated and challenged.
The term has also been borrowed in some cultures to describe elements within non-Catholic religious movements who are also opposed to the radical end of Western liberalism, such as Protestant fundamentalism or Islamism.
Islamism and be
" While the fundamentalist preaches for women to return to the home, Islamism believes it is sufficient that " the sexes be separated in public.
Contrary to reports, my remarks were not about Islam, but about Islamism – perhaps ' extremism ' would be a better term.
During the second half of the 20th century, the star and crescent symbol came to be recognized as a symbol of Islamism, and Singapore's flag came to be seen in this context by the nation's Muslim activists.
Some scholars consider certain contemporary movements to be forms of clerical fascism, including Christian Identity and possibly Christian Reconstructionism in the United States ; militant forms of politicized Islamic fundamentalism and anti-democratic Islamism ; and militant Hindu nationalism in India.
The Tanzim militia, founded in 1995 to counter Palestinian Islamism, is widely considered to be an armed offshoot of Fatah with its own leadership structure.
The organization's ideology appears to be radical Sunni Islamism.
Following the outbreak of the civil war in the early 1990s, Islamism appeared to be largely confined to the radical Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya group.
The report even states that this pattern may be counter-productive to US interests, with Islamism being the only viable opposition to regimes in many Middle Eastern countries.
It is considered to be close to the Grey Wolves organization, and is related to the " Alperen Ocakları " tendency, which operated a synthesis between Islamism and Turkish Nationalism, and separated itself from the Nationalist Task Party ( MÇP ), which was renamed into Nationalist Movement Party ( MHP ) in July 1992.
Islamism and described
Moderate strains of Islamism have been described as " competing in the democratic public square in places like Turkey and Indonesia.
Earlier, after the September 11, 2001 attacks, Johnson — who has described himself as " pretty much center-left before 9 / 11 "— transformed his blog's discussion of bicycle racing, programming, web design, and the occasional humorous news item into a very active discussion of the War on Terror, Islam and Islamism, Eurabia, and the Arab-Israeli conflict.
In recent times, Islamism has been described as anti-nationalist movement, calling for unity of all Muslims and discarding the notion of nationality.
Islamism and part
That the revolution replaced the monarchy and Shah Pahlavi with Islamism and Khomeini, rather than another leader and ideology, is credited in part to the spread of the Shia version of the Islamic revival that opposed Westernization, saw Ayatollah Khomeini as following in the footsteps of the beloved Shi ' a Imam Husayn ibn Ali, and the Shah in those of Husayn's foe, the hated tyrant Yazid I.
He founded the Union of Communist Militants in 1978, then took part in the Iranian Revolution of 1979 – marked by the creation of workers ' councils ( shoras ) — and, unlike the major part of the Iranian left-wing, refused to pay allegiance to Islamism and Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini.
About 90 % of Palestinians are Sunni Muslims, and while never absent from the rhetoric and thinking of the secularist PLO factions, Islamic political doctrines, or Islamism, didn't become a large part of the Palestinian movement until the 1980s rise of Hamas.
The first part of the series explains the origin of Islamism and Neo-Conservatism.
Islamism and identity
Hence Hobsbawm argues that identity politics, such as queer nationalism, Islamism, Cornish nationalism or Ulster Loyalism are just other versions of bourgeois nationalism.
Islamism and politics
Also, the fall of the Soviet Union together with the rise of Islamism — and particularly the increased popularity of the Islamist groups Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad — disoriented many left activists who looked towards the Soviet Union, and has marginalised the PFLP's role in Palestinian politics and armed resistance.
The Uighurs had been promoting Islamism in their separatist government, but Ma Hushan eliminated religion from politics.
Islamism and specifically
The use of the term Islamism was at first " a marker for scholars more likely to sympathize " with new Islamic movements ; however, as the term gained popularity it became more specifically associated with political groups such as the Taliban or the Algerian Armed Islamic Group, as well as with highly publicized acts of violence.
More controversially, it argues that the threat of radical Islamism as a massive, sinister organised force of destruction, specifically in the form of al-Qaeda, is a myth perpetrated by politicians in many countries — and particularly American Neo-Conservatives — in an attempt to unite and inspire their people following the failure of earlier, more utopian ideologies.
Islamism and nationalism
In reality, apolitical Islam was an historical fluke of the " shortlived heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970 ," and it is quietist / non-political Islam, not Islamism, that requires explanation.
" ( This is distinguished from ethnic or linguistic-based nationalism which Islamism opposes.
The foreign relations of Pakistan and India remain unstable, but are now exacerbated by the nuclear arsenals of both states, as well as the rise of political parties promoting Hindu nationalism in India, and the rise of al-Qaeda Islamism in Pakistan, as well as intercommunal strife — ranging from the demolition of a historic mosque by communal hooligans with worshipers inside to a terrorist assault on Hindu shrines — could set off a nuclear war.
Influenced by contemporary European thought, Gökalp rejected Ottomanism and Islamism in favor of Turkish nationalism.
Although al-Husayni leaned more towards Palestinian nationalism and Islamism, he was instrumental in organizing the pan-Arab Bloudan Conference on 9 September 1937 in Syria which gathered 524 delegates from across the Arab world, although al-Husayni himself was not in attendance.
In the period of decolonialism following World War II, Arab nationalism overshadowed Islamism.
Following the defeat of Arab armies in the Six-Day War, Islamism and Pan-Islam began to reverse their relative position of popularity with nationalism and pan-Arabism.
By the 1970s, this symbolism was embraced by movements of Arab nationalism or Islamism ( even though it was not originally an Arab symbol ), such as the proposed Arab Islamic Republic ( 1974 ) and the US Nation of Islam ( 1973 ).
Although it carries an Islamic title, the group combines Islamism with Iraqi nationalism, and has been labelled as " resistance " by Iraq's Sunni Vice-President Tariq al-Hashemi despite regular attacks against Iraqi soldiers and policemen, as well as Shi ' ite militias such as the Mahdi Army and the Badr Organization.
The party follows ideologies such as Islamism, Arabism, nationalism and conservatism, however, international human rights groups and governments claim it attempts to create a totalitarian state through an extreme Islamic and dictatorial government.
They trace this to German Romanticism and to the debates between the " Westernisers " and " Slavophiles " in 19th century Russia, asserting that similar arguments appear under differing guises in Maoism, Islamism, wartime Japanese nationalism and other movements.
Considerable rigour is given to explanations of the rise of Arab nationalism, Salafism, Ba ' athism and Islamism, although, as Ruthven notes in his afterword, much of the rise of the latter ideology took place after the book was published.
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